Food Plot Throw and Grow A Practical Guide to Wildlife Habitat Enhancement

Food plot throw and grow represents a pragmatic approach to wildlife management, offering a streamlined method for establishing beneficial forage and cover. This technique, characterized by its minimal tillage requirements and ease of implementation, has gained significant traction among land managers seeking to improve habitat quality and attract desired wildlife species. Unlike traditional food plot establishment, which often necessitates extensive soil preparation and specialized equipment, the “throw and grow” method emphasizes efficiency and cost-effectiveness, making it accessible to a broader range of practitioners.

The core principle of food plot throw and grow involves broadcasting seed directly onto the soil surface, often with minimal or no soil disturbance. This approach leverages the natural processes of seed germination and plant growth, minimizing labor and resource inputs. The time frame from planting to initial growth varies depending on seed type, climate, and site conditions, but generally ranges from a few weeks to a couple of months.

This rapid establishment makes “throw and grow” plots an attractive option for creating immediate benefits for wildlife.

Introduction to “Food Plot Throw and Grow”

“Food Plot Throw and Grow” presents a simplified, often cost-effective, approach to establishing food sources for wildlife. It’s a method gaining traction among land managers and hunting enthusiasts alike, primarily because of its ease of implementation and potential for quick results. The appeal lies in the reduced labor and time commitment compared to traditional food plot establishment methods, making it accessible to a wider range of individuals and property sizes.

Defining “Throw and Grow” Food Plots

A “throw and grow” food plot is essentially a food plot established with minimal soil preparation. This typically involves broadcasting seed directly onto the existing ground surface, often without plowing, disking, or significant tilling. The seeds are often mixed with a carrier like fertilizer or a soil amendment to aid in distribution and early growth. The method relies on the ability of the chosen seed varieties to germinate and establish themselves with minimal disturbance of the existing soil structure.

This approach aims to capitalize on existing moisture, sunlight, and available nutrients in the soil, even if those resources are not optimized.

Typical Timeframe from Planting to Initial Growth

The timeframe from planting a “throw and grow” food plot to observing initial growth is generally shorter than with conventional methods, although it’s highly dependent on several factors. These include the seed species, soil conditions, rainfall, and temperature.The following points detail the expected timeline:

• Germination Period: Germination, the process by which seeds sprout, can occur within a few days to a couple of weeks. Rapidly germinating species, like certain clovers or annual grasses, may show signs of sprouting within a week under ideal conditions. Slower-germinating species, such as some perennial legumes, might take closer to two weeks or even longer.
• Emergence and Initial Growth: Once germination occurs, seedlings emerge from the soil and begin to develop their first leaves. The initial growth phase is often rapid, especially in favorable weather. In many cases, visible growth is noticeable within 2-4 weeks of planting, allowing land managers to assess the plot’s success.
• Factors Affecting Timeframe: Several elements significantly impact the speed of growth. Adequate rainfall is crucial, as “throw and grow” plots often depend on natural precipitation. Soil temperature also plays a vital role; warmer temperatures typically accelerate growth, while cooler conditions slow it down. The seed variety itself is a key determinant, with some species being naturally faster-growing than others. Finally, the presence of existing vegetation can influence the outcome, as competition for resources like sunlight and nutrients may delay growth.

For example, a land manager in the southeastern United States might broadcast a mix of annual ryegrass and crimson clover in late summer. With adequate rainfall and relatively warm temperatures, they could expect to see initial growth of the ryegrass within a week or two, with the crimson clover following shortly after. Conversely, a similar plot planted in a drier climate or during a cooler season would likely experience a slower growth rate.

Benefits of “Throw and Grow” Food Plots

The “Throw and Grow” method presents a streamlined approach to food plot establishment, offering several advantages over traditional methods. This technique simplifies the process, reduces labor, and can lead to significant benefits for both landowners and wildlife. By understanding these advantages, you can make informed decisions about implementing this efficient and effective food plot strategy.

Advantages Over Traditional Food Plot Establishment

Traditional food plot establishment often requires extensive soil preparation, including plowing, disking, and harrowing. This intensive process can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require specialized equipment. “Throw and Grow” plots circumvent many of these challenges.

• Reduced Labor and Time: “Throw and Grow” significantly reduces the time and labor required for plot establishment. Often, the only steps needed are clearing existing vegetation (if necessary), broadcasting the seed, and providing adequate rainfall or irrigation. This simplicity is a major draw for landowners with limited time or resources.
• Lower Equipment Needs: The method minimizes the need for heavy machinery. While a tractor or ATV with a broadcast spreader can be helpful, hand-broadcasting is a viable option, making this technique accessible to a wider range of landowners.
• Soil Disturbance Minimization: “Throw and Grow” typically involves minimal soil disturbance, which can be beneficial for soil health. Reduced tillage helps to preserve soil structure, prevent erosion, and retain moisture.
• Weed Suppression: Certain “Throw and Grow” seed mixes include fast-growing cover crops that help to suppress weed growth, reducing the need for herbicides. This can be particularly advantageous in areas with heavy weed pressure.
• Cost-Effectiveness: The streamlined process often translates into lower costs. Reduced labor, equipment needs, and potential herbicide use contribute to a more economical approach.

Benefits for Wildlife Populations

“Throw and Grow” food plots provide critical nutritional resources for a variety of wildlife species, particularly during times of scarcity, such as winter or during periods of drought. The selection of appropriate seed mixes is key to maximizing the benefits for target species.

• Deer: Deer are a primary beneficiary of food plots. “Throw and Grow” plots can be designed to provide high-protein forages like clover, alfalfa, and soybeans, crucial for antler development and overall health. For example, a study by the Quality Deer Management Association (now NDA) showed that deer utilizing food plots exhibited significantly higher body weights and antler scores compared to deer in areas without supplemental feeding.

• Turkey: Turkeys benefit from the seeds and insects found in “Throw and Grow” plots. Seed mixes containing grains like wheat, oats, and corn provide a valuable food source, especially during the fall and winter months. Additionally, the cover provided by the growing plants offers protection from predators.
• Upland Birds: Quail, pheasant, and other upland birds find food and cover in “Throw and Grow” plots. Seed mixes that include a variety of grasses and forbs provide both seeds for consumption and habitat for nesting and escape from predators.
• Small Mammals: Rabbits, squirrels, and other small mammals also utilize “Throw and Grow” plots for food and cover. These plots can contribute to a healthy ecosystem by supporting a diverse range of species.
• Pollinators: Plots incorporating flowering plants can attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies. This supports the overall health of the ecosystem and can benefit other plants in the surrounding area.

Cost-Effectiveness of “Throw and Grow” Plots

The initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs associated with “Throw and Grow” plots can be significantly lower than those of traditional food plots. While the specific costs will vary depending on the size of the plot, seed selection, and local prices, the streamlined approach generally translates to a more budget-friendly option.

• Initial Investment: The primary initial cost is the seed. The price of seed varies widely depending on the species and mix. However, the elimination of significant soil preparation expenses like plowing and disking can dramatically reduce the upfront investment. A typical cost breakdown might involve the price of seed, potentially a soil test to determine nutrient needs, and any necessary herbicides (although the goal is to minimize their use).

• Maintenance Costs: Maintenance costs are also generally lower. Weed control can be minimized through proper seed selection and timely planting. Fertilizer may be needed, based on soil test results, but is often less intensive than with traditional plots. Periodic mowing or herbicide applications might be necessary to manage weeds or promote desired plant growth.
• Long-Term Value: While precise figures depend on location and specific choices, the combination of lower initial and ongoing costs, coupled with the benefits to wildlife, makes “Throw and Grow” plots a cost-effective investment. The long-term benefits to wildlife populations and hunting opportunities can provide a substantial return on investment.
• Example: Consider a 1-acre plot. A traditional plot might require $200-$400 in equipment rental (tractor, disc, etc.) and several hours of labor, costing $500-$1000. A “Throw and Grow” plot might cost $100-$300 for seed, plus minimal labor. Even factoring in potential herbicide costs, the “Throw and Grow” method often represents a considerable cost savings.

Choosing the Right Seed Mix

Selecting the ideal seed mix is crucial for the success of your “throw and grow” food plot. The right choice maximizes forage production, attracts desired wildlife, and complements your specific environmental conditions. Factors such as climate, soil type, and the target animal species all play a significant role in determining the best seed mix for your needs.

Common Seed Varieties for “Throw and Grow”

“Throw and grow” food plots benefit from seed varieties that are easy to establish and provide quick results. The following are common types, categorized for clarity:

• Legumes: These plants are nitrogen-fixing, enriching the soil while providing high-protein forage.
  • Clover: White clover, red clover, and ladino clover are popular choices. They are relatively easy to establish and provide good grazing for deer and other wildlife.
  • Alfalfa: Alfalfa offers high protein and is a perennial, but can be more demanding to establish.
  • Soybeans: Soybeans are annual legumes that are attractive to deer and provide a good source of protein and carbohydrates.
• Grains: Grains provide carbohydrates and energy, contributing to the overall nutritional value of the food plot.
  • Oats: Oats are a fast-growing annual grain that provides early season forage.
  • Wheat: Wheat is another annual grain offering good forage and seed production.
  • Rye: Rye is a hardy annual grain that can tolerate a wider range of soil conditions and provides good fall and winter forage.
  • Barley: Barley is a fast-growing annual grain, offering good forage in early stages.
• Brassicas: Brassicas offer high-energy food, especially during the late fall and winter months.
  • Radishes: Radishes are fast-growing and produce a large taproot, improving soil structure.
  • Turnips: Turnips are another brassica that produces both leafy forage and a root crop.
  • Kale: Kale provides high-quality forage and is relatively cold-tolerant.
• Grasses: Grasses provide bulk and add to the diversity of the plot.
  • Annual Ryegrass: Annual ryegrass is a fast-growing grass that provides quick cover and forage.
  • Perennial Ryegrass: Perennial ryegrass can be used for a longer-term food plot.

Comparing Seed Mixes

Choosing the right seed mix requires considering your specific goals and environmental factors. The following table compares three popular “throw and grow” seed mixes. The table includes their pros and cons to assist in your decision-making process.

Seed Mix	Primary Components	Pros	Cons
Deer Delight	Oats, Winter Rye, Crimson Clover, Radishes	Fast germination, provides both early and late season forage, improves soil structure with radishes, relatively inexpensive.	Requires good soil moisture for optimal growth, annual, may need replanting each year.
Whitetail Feast	Soybeans, Sunflowers, Buckwheat, Austrian Winter Peas	High protein and energy content, attracts deer throughout the growing season, good for improving soil health.	Soybeans and sunflowers can be susceptible to deer browse pressure early in the season, requires more sunlight than some mixes.
Ultimate Blend	Oats, Wheat, Clover Blend (Red, White, Crimson), Brassicas (Turnips, Rape)	Provides a diverse range of forage types, suitable for a variety of soil conditions, offers good cold tolerance.	Requires a slightly longer growing season to reach full potential, may require more frequent mowing or grazing management.

Site Selection and Preparation

Creating a thriving “throw and grow” food plot is more than just scattering seeds. Success hinges on carefully choosing the right location and preparing the ground to give your seeds the best possible start. This involves assessing the environment and understanding how to manipulate it to favor your desired forage.

Choosing the Right Site

Selecting the ideal location is the first critical step in establishing a successful food plot. Several factors should be considered to maximize growth and attractiveness for wildlife.

• Sunlight: Adequate sunlight is paramount for plant growth. Aim for a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Areas with a southern or southwestern exposure generally receive the most sunlight. Avoid heavily shaded areas under dense tree canopies, as this will significantly limit plant growth. Consider the seasonal changes in sunlight availability; areas that receive sufficient sunlight in spring and summer might become shaded in the fall and winter.

• Soil: Soil quality is crucial for nutrient availability and water retention. Ideally, a food plot should be established in well-drained soil with a loamy texture. Soil testing is highly recommended to determine pH levels and nutrient deficiencies. You can often amend the soil to correct imbalances. Heavy clay soils may require more extensive preparation to improve drainage and aeration.

  Sandy soils, on the other hand, may need amendments to improve water retention.

• Existing Vegetation: Assess the current vegetation in the potential food plot area. Existing grasses, weeds, and brush can compete with your planted seeds for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients. Identify the dominant plant species to determine the best control methods. Areas with dense, established vegetation will require more intensive preparation than areas with sparse growth. Consider the types of plants present and their life cycles.

  Perennial weeds, for instance, will require more aggressive control measures than annual weeds.

• Accessibility: Consider access to the food plot for planting, maintenance, and hunting (if applicable). Easy access for equipment, such as ATVs or tractors, will simplify the planting and maintenance processes. Also, consider the proximity of the food plot to cover and water sources, as these elements can influence wildlife usage.

Preparing the Soil Without Tilling

“Throw and grow” methods often bypass tilling, relying on surface preparation. This approach minimizes soil disturbance, reduces erosion, and can be less labor-intensive.

• Mowing or Weed-Wacking: Start by mowing or weed-whacking the existing vegetation as short as possible. This removes the bulk of the existing growth and makes it easier to work with the remaining plant matter.
• Herbicide Application (Optional but Recommended): Applying a non-selective herbicide, such as glyphosate, is highly effective in killing existing vegetation. This is especially important if the area has dense or established perennial weeds. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully for proper application rates and safety precautions. Allow sufficient time for the herbicide to work before planting (typically 7-14 days, depending on the herbicide and the weather).

• Debris Removal: After the existing vegetation dies, remove any remaining debris, such as heavy thatch or large clumps of dead plants. This will improve seed-to-soil contact.
• Soil Amendments: Broadcast lime and fertilizer according to soil test recommendations. This provides the necessary nutrients for plant growth. If a soil test is not available, a general-purpose fertilizer can be applied, but a soil test is always recommended for optimal results.
• Seed Broadcasting: Evenly distribute the seed mix over the prepared soil surface. Avoid over-seeding, as this can lead to overcrowding and reduced plant growth. Follow the recommended seeding rates for your chosen seed mix.
• Seed-to-Soil Contact: After broadcasting the seed, ensure good seed-to-soil contact. This can be achieved by lightly dragging a harrow, a chain-link fence, or a similar implement over the planted area. Alternatively, you can use a cultipacker to press the seeds into the soil. Rainfall or irrigation will also help settle the seeds.

Controlling Existing Vegetation Before Planting

Controlling existing vegetation is essential for preventing competition with your newly planted food plot. This can be achieved through several methods, including herbicides and mechanical control.

• Herbicide Options: The choice of herbicide depends on the type of vegetation present.
  • Glyphosate: A broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide that kills most plants. Effective for controlling a wide range of weeds and grasses. Commonly sold under various brand names.
  • Selective Herbicides: These herbicides target specific types of plants, leaving others unharmed. For example, herbicides that control broadleaf weeds can be used in grass-based food plots.
• Herbicide Application: Apply herbicides according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Timing: Apply herbicides when the target plants are actively growing. Avoid applying herbicides during periods of drought or extreme temperatures.
  • Application Method: Use a sprayer to ensure even coverage. Consider using a surfactant to improve herbicide effectiveness.
  • Safety Precautions: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, eye protection, and a respirator, when handling herbicides. Follow all safety precautions listed on the herbicide label.
• Mechanical Control: Mechanical methods can be used to control existing vegetation, particularly in small food plots.
  • Mowing: Repeated mowing can weaken and eventually kill some weeds.
  • Weed-whacking: Effective for removing weeds and grasses before planting.
  • Hand-pulling: Suitable for small areas with sparse weed growth.

Planting Techniques and Timing: Food Plot Throw And Grow

The success of a “throw and grow” food plot hinges on proper planting techniques and precise timing. While the simplicity of broadcasting seeds is appealing, achieving optimal results requires understanding the nuances of seed-to-soil contact and aligning planting with regional climates and seed characteristics. Careful attention to these factors will maximize germination rates and ensure a thriving food plot.

Broadcasting Seeds: Best Methods

Broadcasting seeds is the cornerstone of the “throw and grow” method. Even distribution is critical to avoid overcrowding and ensure each seed has the opportunity to establish.* Manual Broadcasting: For smaller plots, manual broadcasting is effective. Divide the seed into two portions. Walk the plot in one direction, scattering half the seed. Then, walk perpendicular to the first pass, broadcasting the remaining half.

This crisscross pattern helps ensure even coverage.

Using a Seed Spreader

For larger areas, a handheld or ATV-mounted broadcast spreader is recommended. Calibrate the spreader to the recommended seed rate for the chosen seed mix. This calibration is crucial to avoid under- or over-seeding. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper operation and adjustment.

Wind Considerations

Be mindful of wind conditions. Avoid broadcasting seeds on windy days, as the wind can carry seeds away, leading to uneven distribution and wasted seed. If wind is unavoidable, broadcast when the wind is at your back.

Seed Mixes with Different Seed Sizes

When using seed mixes with various seed sizes, it’s advisable to use a spreader. Small seeds might settle to the bottom, while larger seeds remain at the top, leading to uneven distribution.

Post-Broadcasting Actions

After broadcasting, lightly rake the soil to help incorporate the seeds, promoting seed-to-soil contact. This can be achieved using a drag harrow or a similar tool.

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Ensuring Good Seed-to-Soil Contact Without Tilling

Good seed-to-soil contact is essential for successful germination, especially when tilling is not used. The “throw and grow” approach relies on alternative methods to achieve this crucial connection.* Soil Moisture: Planting after a rain or when the soil is moist significantly improves seed-to-soil contact. Moisture helps the seeds adhere to the soil particles.

Dragging or Harrowing

After broadcasting, drag a section of chain-link fence, a section of a corrugated metal sheet, or a light harrow across the plot. This lightly presses the seeds into the soil surface, improving contact. The objective is not to bury the seeds deeply, but to ensure they are in contact with the soil.

Rolling

A cultipacker or a lawn roller filled with water can be used to firm the soil and press the seeds into the soil. This is particularly effective after dragging or harrowing.

Natural Processes

In some cases, the natural freeze-thaw cycle can help incorporate seeds into the soil over time. This is particularly true in regions with distinct winters.

No-Till Drill (Optional)

While not strictly “throw and grow,” a no-till drill can be used in conjunction with the broadcast method. This method is more intensive, but can be helpful if you have access to it.

Timeline of Planting: Optimal Planting Times for Different Regions and Seed Types

Timing is everything. Planting at the right time, based on regional climate and seed type, is crucial for germination and growth.* Cool-Season Food Plots: These plots are typically planted in the late summer or early fall (August-September in the Northern US; September-October in the Southern US). The goal is to allow the plants to establish before winter, providing a food source during the colder months.

Examples include oats, wheat, rye, clover, and brassicas.

Example

In Wisconsin, a mix of oats, winter wheat, and crimson clover is a common choice for fall planting.

Warm-Season Food Plots

These plots are planted in the spring (April-May in the Northern US; March-April in the Southern US) after the last frost. These plots thrive during the warmer growing season. Examples include soybeans, corn, sunflowers, and sorghum.

Example

In Georgia, soybeans and cowpeas are popular choices for spring planting, providing high-protein forage during the summer.

Regional Variations

Planting times vary significantly based on latitude and local climate. Consult local agricultural extension offices or experienced food plotters for specific recommendations for your area.

Seed Type Considerations

Different seed types have different optimal planting depths. Shallow Planting (¼

½ inch)

Clover, alfalfa, and other small-seeded plants.

Deeper Planting (1-2 inches)

Corn, soybeans, and other larger-seeded plants.

Soil Temperature

Soil temperature is a more critical factor than air temperature for seed germination. Check soil temperature before planting. Most seeds germinate best when the soil temperature is consistently above a certain threshold (e.g., 50°F for cool-season crops, 60°F for warm-season crops).

Rainfall Expectations

Plant before expected rainfall, or be prepared to irrigate if rainfall is not expected. Adequate moisture is essential for germination.

Planting Calendar

Create a planting calendar for your region. This calendar should include optimal planting dates for different seed types, average frost dates, and anticipated rainfall patterns.

Example

“`

Month	Seed Type	Optimal Planting Time
August	Oats, Wheat	Mid-August to Early September
April	Soybeans, Corn	Late April to Early May

“`

Post-Planting Management and Maintenance

The success of your “throw and grow” food plot doesn’t end with planting. Consistent monitoring and proactive maintenance are crucial for maximizing yield and attracting wildlife. This phase involves vigilance, recognizing potential problems, and implementing timely solutions to ensure your plot thrives throughout the growing season. Neglecting post-planting care can lead to reduced yields, weed infestations, and ultimately, a less effective food source for your target animals.

Monitoring Initial Growth and Potential Problems

Regular observation is key to identifying issues early on. This allows for prompt intervention before minor problems escalate into significant setbacks.Observe the plot at least twice a week, especially during the initial stages of growth. Look for the following signs:

• Germination Success: Check for emerging seedlings. Uneven germination may indicate poor seed-to-soil contact, insufficient moisture, or seed viability issues.
• Seedling Health: Monitor for signs of disease, insect damage (e.g., holes in leaves, chewed stems), or nutrient deficiencies (e.g., yellowing leaves).
• Weed Competition: Identify any weeds emerging, as they can quickly outcompete the desired plants for resources. Early detection and control are critical.
• Animal Browsing: Observe for excessive browsing pressure, especially from deer. High browsing pressure can stunt growth and reduce the plot’s effectiveness.
• Moisture Levels: Assess soil moisture, particularly during dry periods. Insufficient rainfall may necessitate supplemental irrigation.

Weed Control Methods

Weeds are a constant threat to “throw and grow” plots, competing with desired plants for sunlight, water, and nutrients. Effective weed control is essential for maximizing the productivity of your plot. Several methods can be employed, depending on the weed species and the stage of plant growth.Here’s how to control weeds in your food plot:

• Pre-Emergent Herbicides: Apply pre-emergent herbicides before planting, or immediately after planting, to prevent weed seeds from germinating. Choose a herbicide appropriate for the seed mix used. Always follow label instructions carefully.
• Post-Emergent Herbicides: Use post-emergent herbicides to control existing weeds. Select herbicides that are selective, targeting weeds without harming the desired food plot plants. Timing is critical; apply when weeds are small and actively growing.
• Mowing: Mowing can suppress weed growth, especially broadleaf weeds. Mow at a height that allows food plot plants to thrive. Frequent mowing may be necessary during peak weed growth periods.
• Hand-Pulling or Hoeing: For small plots or spot treatments, hand-pulling or hoeing can effectively remove weeds. This method is labor-intensive but can be effective for controlling weeds before they spread.
• Prescribed Burning: In some situations, prescribed burning can be used to control weeds and improve soil conditions. This method requires careful planning and execution and is best suited for plots with specific plant communities. Consult with local authorities before conducting a burn.

Common Challenges and Solutions for “Throw and Grow” Plots

“Throw and grow” plots, while relatively easy to establish, are not without their challenges. Understanding these common problems and their solutions can significantly improve your plot’s success.The table below details some common challenges, along with their corresponding solutions:

Challenge	Solution
Poor Germination	Ensure good seed-to-soil contact (consider cultipacking after broadcasting), adequate moisture, and viable seed. Consider a soil test to determine if any nutrients are deficient.
Weed Infestation	Use pre- and post-emergent herbicides (selectively if possible), mow regularly, and consider hand-pulling or hoeing. Early intervention is crucial.
Excessive Browsing	Consider fencing, repellents (e.g., deer deterrents), or planting a larger plot to offset browsing pressure.
Drought Stress	Irrigate if possible, choose drought-tolerant seed mixes, and conserve moisture through proper soil preparation and mulching.
Nutrient Deficiencies	Conduct a soil test and apply the recommended fertilizers and soil amendments.
Insect Damage	Monitor for insect infestations and use appropriate insecticides if necessary. Consider using insect-resistant seed varieties if available.
Disease Outbreaks	Choose disease-resistant seed varieties, ensure good air circulation, and avoid overwatering. Treat with fungicides if necessary, following label instructions.

Addressing Common Challenges

Successfully establishing and maintaining a “throw and grow” food plot isn’t always a walk in the park. Various factors can hinder your efforts, from unpredictable weather patterns to persistent pests and hungry wildlife. Proactive planning and a willingness to adapt are key to overcoming these hurdles and maximizing your plot’s productivity.

Insufficient Rainfall and Drought Mitigation

Drought is a significant threat to “throw and grow” food plots, particularly in regions with erratic rainfall. The success of your plot hinges on adequate moisture for seed germination and plant growth. When rainfall is scarce, plants can suffer from stunted growth, reduced seed production, and even complete crop failure.Strategies for mitigating drought impact include:

• Selecting Drought-Tolerant Seed Varieties: Choose seed mixes specifically designed for dry conditions. Species like sorghum, sunflowers, and certain clovers are known for their resilience to drought.
• Soil Preparation for Water Retention: Amend your soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve its water-holding capacity. This helps the soil retain moisture for longer periods, benefiting the plants during dry spells.
• Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch, such as straw or wood chips, around your plants. Mulch helps to suppress weed growth, conserves soil moisture by reducing evaporation, and regulates soil temperature.
• Irrigation (If Possible): While “throw and grow” plots often rely on natural rainfall, supplemental irrigation can be crucial during prolonged dry periods. Consider using a portable sprinkler system or a drip irrigation system if feasible. Even a small amount of supplemental watering can make a significant difference.
• Planting Depth and Technique: Ensure proper planting depth for the seeds. Deeper planting, especially in drier soils, can help seeds access moisture. Also, using a no-till approach, which minimizes soil disturbance, can help conserve moisture.
• Timing Your Planting: If possible, time your planting to coincide with periods of expected rainfall. Consult local weather forecasts and historical precipitation data to make informed decisions about planting dates.

Consider the following:

In regions with frequent drought, choosing a seed mix with a higher percentage of drought-tolerant species is crucial. For example, a mix might include 40% sorghum, 30% sunflowers, and 30% clover, rather than a mix heavily reliant on moisture-loving plants.

Pest Infestations and Control, Food plot throw and grow

Pests can wreak havoc on food plots, damaging plants and reducing yields. Common pests include insects like aphids, grasshoppers, and caterpillars, as well as rodents like voles and mice. Early detection and proactive management are essential to minimize pest damage.Methods for managing pest infestations include:

• Monitoring: Regularly inspect your food plot for signs of pest activity, such as damaged leaves, holes in stems, or the presence of insects. Early detection allows for timely intervention.
• Choosing Pest-Resistant Varieties: Select seed varieties that are naturally resistant to common pests in your area. Some seed mixes may include varieties specifically bred for pest resistance.
• Biological Control: Encourage natural predators of pests, such as beneficial insects, birds, and amphibians. Avoid using broad-spectrum insecticides that can harm these beneficial organisms.
• Physical Barriers: Use physical barriers, such as netting or fencing, to protect your plot from certain pests. For example, netting can be used to deter birds from eating seeds or young seedlings.
• Insecticides (Use with Caution): If pest infestations become severe, consider using insecticides. Choose insecticides that are specifically labeled for use on food plot crops and follow all label instructions carefully. Consider using organic options, if available, to minimize the impact on beneficial insects.
• Crop Rotation: Rotate your food plot crops from year to year. This can help to disrupt pest cycles and reduce the buildup of pest populations.

For example:

A farmer in Iowa, facing a grasshopper infestation, implemented a crop rotation strategy, planting a different seed mix each year. This simple change significantly reduced grasshopper populations, as they lacked a consistent food source and habitat.

Protecting Plots from Browsing Animals

Deer, rabbits, and other browsing animals can quickly decimate a food plot, especially during the early stages of plant growth. Protecting your plot from these animals is often critical to its success.Techniques for protecting plots from browsing animals:

• Fencing: Constructing a fence around your food plot is the most effective method of excluding browsing animals. The type of fence needed depends on the size of the plot and the animals you are trying to exclude. For deer, a tall fence (8-10 feet) is typically required.
• Repellents: Apply deer and rabbit repellents to your plants. These repellents typically contain ingredients that deter animals from browsing, such as capsaicin (the active ingredient in chili peppers), putrescent eggs, or predator urine. Reapply repellents regularly, especially after rain.
• Planting Strategies: Plant a “sacrificial” border of less desirable plants around your main food plot. This can help to divert animals away from your preferred crops.
• Habitat Modification: Reduce the availability of cover near your food plot. Animals will be less likely to frequent areas with limited cover.
• Hunting: If allowed by local regulations, hunting can help to control deer populations and reduce browsing pressure.
• Motion-Activated Sprinklers: Install motion-activated sprinklers that will spray water when an animal approaches the plot. This can deter animals without causing them any harm.

Consider this scenario:

A landowner in Pennsylvania, experiencing significant deer browsing, installed an 8-foot high deer fence around their 2-acre food plot. The fence effectively excluded deer, allowing the plot to thrive and provide ample forage for wildlife. The initial investment in the fence was significant, but the long-term benefits in terms of increased food plot productivity and reduced browsing damage far outweighed the cost.

Advanced Techniques and Considerations

While “throw and grow” food plots are designed for simplicity, certain advanced techniques can significantly enhance their productivity and longevity. These methods, encompassing soil amendments and season extension, allow for greater yields and a longer period of forage availability for wildlife. They require a bit more planning and effort but offer a substantial return on investment.

Soil Amendments for “Throw and Grow” Plots

Soil amendments, particularly lime and fertilizer, are crucial for optimizing soil health and nutrient availability, which are often overlooked in the simplified approach of “throw and grow.” Properly amending the soil provides the essential building blocks for robust plant growth, even in plots established with minimal soil preparation.

• Lime Application: Lime is essential for correcting soil acidity. Most plants thrive in a soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. Acidic soils (low pH) can lock up essential nutrients, making them unavailable to plants. A soil test is the best way to determine the pH and lime requirements of your soil. If the soil is acidic, applying lime, typically in the form of agricultural limestone, will raise the pH.

  The rate of application depends on the soil test results, but it’s often recommended to apply lime several months before planting to allow it time to react with the soil.

• Fertilizer Application: Fertilizer provides the essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) that plants need to grow. “Throw and grow” plots often benefit from a balanced fertilizer application, which is generally recommended after a soil test. The fertilizer ratio and application rate will depend on the seed mix and the specific soil conditions. For example, a fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content might be beneficial for grasses, while a fertilizer with more phosphorus might be advantageous for legumes.

  Slow-release fertilizers can provide a sustained nutrient supply over time.

Extending the Growing Season of a “Throw and Grow” Plot

Extending the growing season can significantly increase the forage available for wildlife, particularly during critical periods like the late fall and winter. Several techniques can be employed to achieve this, including planting strategies and the selection of appropriate seed mixes.

• Strategic Planting Times: Planting at different times throughout the year allows for staggered growth and a continuous supply of forage. For example, a spring planting might be followed by a late-summer or early-fall planting.
• Seed Mix Selection: Choosing a seed mix that includes both cool-season and warm-season plants can extend the growing season. Cool-season plants, like oats, rye, and clovers, provide early-season forage, while warm-season plants, like soybeans and sorghum, offer forage during the warmer months.
• Overseeding: Overseeding involves broadcasting seeds over an existing food plot. This technique can be used to introduce new species, thicken a stand, or fill in gaps in the existing vegetation. For instance, overseeding with a winter rye and clover mix in the fall can provide additional forage throughout the winter and early spring.
• Mowing or Grazing Management: Regular mowing can encourage new growth and prevent plants from going to seed, thus prolonging the availability of palatable forage. In areas where it’s feasible, rotational grazing can be employed to manage forage consumption and promote healthy plant growth.

An Example of a “Throw and Grow” Plot’s Journey

• Initial Planting (Early Spring): A one-acre plot is selected and lightly disced to break up surface vegetation, a common practice for “throw and grow” methods. A seed mix of oats, clover, and radish is broadcast over the area. Before planting, a soil test revealed a slightly acidic pH (6.0). Agricultural lime is applied at a rate of 1 ton per acre a few months prior.

  A balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) is also applied at the recommended rate based on the soil test.

• Emergence and Early Growth (Late Spring): Within a few weeks, the oats and radishes germinate and begin to grow rapidly, providing an initial food source. The clover begins to establish itself, growing more slowly. The plot shows a vibrant green hue, with the radishes providing a contrasting color.
• Mid-Season Management (Summer): The oats and radishes are nearing maturity and start to slow their growth. The clover thrives and begins to flower, attracting pollinators. A mowing is performed to prevent the oats from going to seed and to encourage continued growth.
• Late Season (Fall): The oats and radishes have been consumed or have begun to decompose, returning nutrients to the soil. The clover continues to provide forage, especially after the mowing. As winter approaches, the clover will be dormant and begin to decompose, and the roots will begin to provide nitrogen.
• Following Year (Spring): The clover regrows in the spring, and the plot is ready for a new “throw and grow” planting, using the same seed mix or a modified version to diversify the forage. The plot is then lightly disced again and planted.

Equipment and Tools

Establishing a successful “throw and grow” food plot, while simpler than traditional methods, still requires the right tools and equipment to ensure optimal seed distribution, soil contact, and overall plot health. While the “throw and grow” approach minimizes the need for heavy machinery, selecting the right tools is crucial for maximizing yields and minimizing effort.

Essential Equipment for Food Plot Establishment

A basic toolkit is sufficient for most “throw and grow” projects. The core equipment focuses on seed distribution, soil preparation (to a limited extent), and maintenance.

• Hand-held Seed Spreader: A critical piece of equipment for even seed distribution.
• Rake or Leaf Rake: Used for lightly covering the seeds after broadcasting, promoting soil contact, and removing debris.
• Soil Test Kit: Allows for the assessment of soil pH and nutrient levels, guiding fertilizer and amendment applications.
• Fertilizer Spreader (Optional): While not always necessary, a small, hand-held or backpack spreader can be useful for applying fertilizer or lime.
• Gloves: Protect hands during soil preparation, seeding, and maintenance.
• Measuring Tools: A tape measure or marked rope is useful for determining the plot’s dimensions.
• Water Source (Optional): A watering can or hose can be beneficial, particularly in dry conditions, to aid seed germination and early growth.

Hand-Held Seed Spreaders and Their Advantages

Hand-held seed spreaders are a cornerstone of the “throw and grow” method, providing a cost-effective and efficient way to distribute seeds. They come in various forms, including broadcast spreaders and drop spreaders, each with its own advantages.

• Broadcast Spreaders: These spreaders use a spinning disc to fling seeds over a wide area. They are generally preferred for “throw and grow” plots due to their speed and ease of use, covering a larger area in a shorter time. They are suitable for most seed types, including small-seeded legumes and grasses.
• Drop Spreaders: Drop spreaders release seeds directly beneath the spreader, providing more precise seed placement. While offering greater control, they are typically slower than broadcast spreaders and are less commonly used in “throw and grow” applications, where speed and coverage are often prioritized.
• Advantages of Hand-Held Spreaders:
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Hand-held spreaders are significantly cheaper than larger, tractor-mounted spreaders.
  • Portability: They are easily transported to remote locations or plots inaccessible to larger equipment.
  • Ease of Use: Simple to operate, requiring minimal training.
  • Control: Allows for more targeted seed distribution, especially in irregularly shaped plots or areas with varying terrain.

Tools for Enhanced Plot Effectiveness

Beyond the essential equipment, certain tools can significantly enhance the effectiveness of a “throw and grow” food plot, contributing to better seed-to-soil contact, weed control, and overall plot health.

• Weed Eater or Machete: Useful for clearing existing vegetation before planting, especially in areas with dense undergrowth.
• Hand Cultivator or Garden Hoe: Can be used to lightly till the soil surface or create shallow furrows for seed placement, improving seed-to-soil contact, particularly in compacted soils.
• Rolling Cultivator: A tool with rotating blades that can be used to break up soil clods, incorporate seeds, and lightly cover the seeds after broadcasting, improving seed-to-soil contact. The rolling cultivator is particularly useful on smaller plots.
• Pruning Shears or Clippers: Necessary for managing surrounding vegetation that might shade or compete with the food plot plants.
• Animal-Proof Fencing (Optional): Depending on the location and local wildlife, fencing may be necessary to protect the plot from browsing animals, such as deer or rabbits.
• Spray Bottle or Small Sprayer (Optional): For applying herbicides or insecticides, if necessary, to control weeds or pests. Use with caution and always follow label instructions.

Regional Variations and Climate Considerations

The success of “throw and grow” food plots hinges significantly on understanding and adapting to regional climate variations. Factors like temperature, rainfall, frost dates, and soil conditions drastically influence seed germination, plant growth, and ultimately, the attractiveness and nutritional value of the plot for wildlife. Ignoring these regional differences can lead to disappointing results, wasted resources, and missed opportunities to provide crucial forage for animals.

Therefore, a customized approach to seed selection and planting times is paramount for achieving thriving food plots across diverse geographical areas.

Climate’s Impact on “Throw and Grow” Success

Climate directly dictates the viability of “throw and grow” food plots. Variations in temperature, rainfall patterns, and the length of the growing season are critical considerations. For instance, a seed mix suitable for the humid Southeast may fail miserably in the arid Southwest. Likewise, a late spring frost can decimate emerging seedlings, while an early fall frost can shorten the growing season, preventing plants from reaching maturity and producing seed.

Rainfall patterns also affect seed germination and plant growth; sufficient moisture is essential, and drought conditions can necessitate irrigation or the selection of drought-tolerant species. Soil temperature plays a crucial role in germination rates; seeds need a specific temperature range to sprout successfully.

Tailoring Seed Selection and Planting Times

Careful tailoring of seed selection and planting times to match specific geographical regions is crucial for “throw and grow” food plot success. This involves researching local climate data, understanding the specific needs of target wildlife species, and selecting seed mixes that are well-suited to the prevailing conditions.

• Temperature Zones: Consider the average minimum and maximum temperatures in your region. Seeds have optimal temperature ranges for germination and growth. For example, warm-season grasses like sorghum or millet thrive in hotter climates, while cool-season forages like clover and oats perform better in cooler regions.
• Rainfall Patterns: Assess the average annual rainfall and its distribution throughout the year. Areas with consistent rainfall throughout the growing season may support a wider variety of seed mixes. In drier regions, drought-tolerant species such as sunflowers, cowpeas, or certain varieties of sorghum should be prioritized.
• Frost Dates: Knowing the average last spring frost and first fall frost dates is essential for determining the appropriate planting window. Planting too early risks frost damage, while planting too late may result in insufficient growing time for the plants to mature.
• Soil Type: Soil characteristics, including texture (sandy, loamy, clay), pH, and nutrient levels, should also be considered. Seed mixes should be chosen to match the existing soil conditions or amendments should be made to improve soil fertility and drainage. A soil test is a fundamental step.
• Wildlife Needs: Identify the specific wildlife species you intend to attract. Deer, turkey, and other animals have different dietary preferences and nutritional needs. Seed mixes should be chosen to provide the desired forage and attract the target species.
• Seed Mix Selection: Research and select seed mixes that are known to perform well in your specific region and climate. Consult with local agricultural extension agents, seed suppliers, or experienced food plotters for recommendations.
• Planting Time: The optimal planting time varies depending on the region and the seed mix. Generally, warm-season crops are planted in the spring after the last frost, while cool-season crops are planted in the fall or early spring. Consult local planting calendars for precise timing.

Examples of Successful “Throw and Grow” Plots in Diverse Climate Zones

“Throw and grow” food plots have proven successful across a wide range of climate zones when implemented with regional adaptations. These examples demonstrate the importance of tailored approaches:

• Southeast: In the humid Southeast, a successful “throw and grow” strategy might involve planting a mix of soybeans, cowpeas, and sorghum in the spring. These warm-season crops thrive in the region’s long growing season and abundant rainfall. The soybeans and cowpeas provide high-protein forage for deer, while the sorghum offers a source of grain and cover. A winter planting of wheat, oats, and clover can provide additional forage during the colder months.

• Midwest: In the Midwest, a common approach involves planting a mix of corn, soybeans, and sunflowers in the spring. Corn provides a high-energy food source, while soybeans offer protein and sunflowers provide seeds. In areas with adequate rainfall, these plots can be highly productive. The region’s fertile soils and moderate climate contribute to the success. Fall plantings of cereal grains such as rye and wheat can extend the growing season and provide a late-season food source.

• Southwest: In the arid Southwest, successful “throw and grow” plots require drought-tolerant species. A mix of sunflowers, cowpeas, and milo can be effective. The deep roots of sunflowers and milo help them access moisture, and cowpeas are relatively drought-resistant. Careful site selection and water conservation practices, such as utilizing rainfall harvesting techniques, are essential. The use of no-till methods helps conserve moisture and reduce soil erosion.

• Northeast: In the Northeast, a strategy may include planting a mix of clover, oats, and winter wheat in the late summer or early fall. These cool-season forages provide excellent forage for deer and other wildlife. The relatively short growing season requires careful timing of planting. Adding brassicas, such as turnips or radishes, can extend the period of available forage.
• Pacific Northwest: The Pacific Northwest’s temperate climate, characterized by mild winters and wet conditions, allows for a range of “throw and grow” options. A common strategy involves planting a mix of clover, oats, and ryegrass. These cool-season grasses thrive in the region’s rainfall and provide excellent forage. Adding kale or other brassicas can further increase the food plot’s attractiveness.

Final Summary

In conclusion, food plot throw and grow provides a compelling solution for enhancing wildlife habitats, presenting a viable alternative to conventional methods. The benefits of this approach, including its cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, and rapid establishment, are undeniable. Careful consideration of site selection, seed selection, and post-planting management is crucial for maximizing the success of these plots. By adopting the strategies Artikeld herein, land managers can effectively leverage the “throw and grow” technique to cultivate flourishing food plots and contribute to the overall health and abundance of wildlife populations.