Turnip Food Plot Cultivating a Wildlife Haven for Maximum Impact.

Turnip food plot: a simple phrase that unlocks a world of possibilities for wildlife enthusiasts and land managers. It’s more than just planting turnips; it’s about creating a strategic buffet, a carefully orchestrated feast designed to attract and nourish deer, turkey, and other game animals. Imagine a field transformed, teeming with life, a testament to your dedication and knowledge. This guide dives deep, revealing the secrets to establishing and maintaining thriving turnip food plots, from soil preparation to harvest.

We’ll explore the nitty-gritty details, from choosing the right turnip varieties and understanding their specific needs, to implementing effective weed and pest control strategies. Learn how to interpret soil tests, develop a tailored fertilizer schedule, and navigate the complexities of grazing pressure. This comprehensive approach will equip you with the tools and insights necessary to transform your land into a wildlife paradise.

Turnip Food Plot Basics

Turnip food plots represent a strategic agricultural practice aimed at enhancing wildlife habitat and providing a supplemental food source. These plots are specifically cultivated to offer readily accessible forage and palatable root vegetables, contributing to the nutritional needs of various wildlife species. Their implementation is a common practice in wildlife management and hunting initiatives, serving as a cornerstone for attracting and sustaining animal populations.

Purpose and Benefits for Wildlife

Turnip food plots serve multiple critical functions within a wildlife management strategy. They provide high-quality forage and root vegetables, addressing nutritional deficiencies and supporting overall animal health.

• Supplemental Nutrition: Turnips offer a rich source of carbohydrates and protein, particularly during periods when natural food sources are scarce, such as late fall and winter. This is crucial for maintaining body condition and survival during challenging environmental conditions. For instance, white-tailed deer, during the rut, require increased energy intake, and turnip plots can provide the necessary resources.
• Attraction and Holding Power: The palatable nature of turnips, especially the root bulbs, attracts wildlife to a specific area, enhancing hunting opportunities and concentrating animals for observation. This is particularly effective in areas where natural food sources are limited or less desirable.
• Habitat Improvement: Beyond direct consumption, turnip plots can improve soil health and contribute to overall habitat quality. The root systems help break up compacted soil, increasing aeration and water infiltration. The decaying plant matter also adds organic material, improving soil fertility.
• Species Targeted: Turnip food plots are beneficial for a wide range of wildlife, including white-tailed deer, wild turkey, rabbits, and various game birds. The specific benefits depend on the species’ dietary preferences and the plot’s management.

Ideal Soil Conditions

Successful turnip growth is highly dependent on specific soil conditions. The optimal soil environment supports root development and nutrient uptake, leading to high yields and palatable turnips.

• Soil pH: The ideal soil pH for turnips ranges from 6.0 to 7.0. This slightly acidic to neutral range maximizes the availability of essential nutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. Soil pH significantly impacts nutrient availability, as demonstrated by the effects on phosphorus uptake in various soil types.
• Soil Texture: Well-drained soil is crucial for turnip growth. Sandy loam or loamy soils are preferred, as they provide good aeration and allow for easy root penetration. Heavy clay soils can lead to waterlogging and restrict root development. The soil texture also influences the ease of tillage and the effectiveness of weed control measures.
• Nutrient Levels: Adequate levels of essential nutrients are vital for turnip production. A soil test should be conducted to determine nutrient deficiencies and guide fertilization practices. Turnips require significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. For example, phosphorus is crucial for root development, while potassium enhances overall plant health and disease resistance.
• Organic Matter: Soil with high organic matter content retains moisture, improves soil structure, and provides a slow-release source of nutrients. Incorporating compost or other organic amendments can significantly improve soil quality. Organic matter also enhances the soil’s water-holding capacity, reducing the need for frequent irrigation.

Planting Window and Growing Season

The timing of planting and the duration of the growing season for turnip food plots vary depending on the geographical region and climate. Understanding these factors is critical for maximizing yield and ensuring successful establishment.

• North America (General):
  • Northern Regions: In northern regions of North America (e.g., Canada, northern US states), turnips are typically planted in late summer (July-August) to take advantage of the cooler temperatures and adequate moisture. The growing season extends through fall and into early winter, providing forage during the hunting season.
  • Central Regions: In the central US, planting typically occurs in late summer (August-September). The growing season often lasts through late fall and into the early winter months, with turnips benefiting from the cooler temperatures.
  • Southern Regions: In southern regions, planting occurs in late summer or early fall (September-October) to avoid the high summer temperatures. Turnips can continue to grow well into the fall and early winter.
• Planting Considerations:
  • Frost Tolerance: Turnips are relatively frost-tolerant. Light frosts can enhance the sweetness of the root bulbs, but severe freezes can damage or kill the plants.
  • Moisture: Adequate moisture is crucial, especially during the early stages of growth. Irrigation may be necessary in drier regions or during periods of drought.
  • Seed Selection: Choose turnip varieties appropriate for the local climate and intended use (forage vs. root production). Some varieties are specifically bred for wildlife food plots.

Turnip Varieties and Selection

Selecting the appropriate turnip variety is crucial for maximizing forage production and attracting desired wildlife species in a food plot. The diverse range of turnip cultivars offers varying characteristics in terms of forage quality, yield potential, and cold tolerance. Careful consideration of these factors is essential for optimizing the effectiveness of a turnip food plot.

Turnip Cultivars for Food Plots

Numerous turnip cultivars are available, each possessing unique traits that influence their suitability for wildlife food plots. These varieties can be broadly categorized based on their growth habit, root size, and forage characteristics. Understanding the specific attributes of each cultivar allows for informed selection, tailored to meet specific wildlife management objectives.

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• Purple Top White Globe: This is a widely recognized and commonly used variety, known for its high yields of both foliage and roots. Its relatively large, white roots are easily accessible to wildlife. The foliage provides a good source of protein and energy.
• Appin Turnip: Appin turnips are specifically bred for grazing, exhibiting excellent leaf production and palatability. They typically have smaller roots compared to varieties like Purple Top White Globe, focusing energy on leaf growth.
• Barkant Turnip: Barkant turnips are known for their resistance to diseases and pests, making them a reliable choice in areas prone to these issues. They have good leaf production and moderately sized roots.
• Forage Rape/Turnip Hybrids: These hybrids combine the characteristics of turnips and forage rape, offering a blend of leaf production and root development. They often provide a longer grazing period compared to pure turnip varieties.

Comparison of Turnip Cultivars

A comparative analysis of different turnip cultivars is essential to facilitate informed decision-making. The following table provides a comparative overview, highlighting key advantages and disadvantages of several popular turnip varieties.

Cultivar	Forage Quality	Yield Potential	Advantages	Disadvantages
Purple Top White Globe	Good, moderate protein levels.	High, both foliage and root production.	High overall yield, well-known, widely available, palatable roots.	Roots can be susceptible to rot in wet conditions.
Appin Turnip	Excellent, high leaf protein content.	Moderate, primarily leaf production.	High palatability, excellent leaf production for grazing.	Lower root yield compared to other varieties.
Barkant Turnip	Good, moderate protein levels.	Moderate, good leaf and root production.	Disease resistance, reliable yields.	May not yield as high as some other varieties in optimal conditions.
Forage Rape/Turnip Hybrids	Good, variable depending on hybrid.	Moderate to high, balanced leaf and root production.	Extended grazing period, often good cold tolerance.	May require more specific management practices.

Variety Selection Based on Wildlife Goals

The selection of turnip varieties should align with the specific goals of the food plot, such as attracting deer or turkey. Different wildlife species exhibit preferences for specific plant parts and nutritional profiles.

• For Deer: Deer primarily consume turnip foliage during the growing season and roots later in the fall and winter. Varieties that produce both high-quality foliage and large, palatable roots, like Purple Top White Globe, are generally well-suited for deer. The high protein content in the foliage is especially beneficial during antler development and lactation.
• For Turkey: Turkeys consume both the foliage and the seeds of turnips. Turnip varieties with good seed production, along with high leaf quality, are beneficial. Additionally, turkeys may consume the roots.
• For a Mixed Wildlife Approach: Selecting a combination of varieties can provide a diverse food source, catering to a wider range of wildlife species. This approach may involve planting a mix of cultivars that emphasize leaf production, root development, and disease resistance.

Site Preparation and Planting Methods

Preparing a successful turnip food plot requires meticulous planning and execution. Proper site preparation, encompassing soil analysis, weed management, and appropriate tillage, lays the groundwork for optimal turnip growth. Similarly, selecting the correct planting method, coupled with precise seeding rates and depths, significantly impacts the establishment and yield of the food plot. This section details the crucial steps involved in preparing and planting a turnip food plot, providing practical guidance for maximizing its effectiveness.

Soil Testing and Analysis

Soil testing is a fundamental practice for determining the nutrient status and pH of the soil, which are critical for turnip growth. Conducting a soil test before planting allows for informed decisions regarding fertilizer application and liming, ensuring the soil conditions are conducive to optimal turnip development.

1. Soil Sample Collection: Collect soil samples from multiple locations within the planned food plot area to obtain a representative sample. Use a soil probe or trowel to collect soil from a consistent depth, typically 4-6 inches. Mix the collected soil thoroughly in a clean bucket.
2. Sample Submission: Submit the composite soil sample to a reputable soil testing laboratory. Provide information about the intended crop (turnips) to receive specific fertilizer recommendations.
3. Interpreting Results: Soil test reports typically provide information on soil pH, levels of essential nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and recommendations for fertilizer and lime applications.
4. Target pH: Turnips generally thrive in a soil pH range of 6.0 to 6.8. If the soil pH is below this range, lime application is recommended to raise the pH.
5. Nutrient Deficiencies: Address any nutrient deficiencies identified in the soil test by applying the recommended fertilizers before planting. For example, phosphorus is crucial for root development, and potassium supports overall plant health.

Weed Control Strategies

Effective weed control is essential to minimize competition for resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, thereby promoting turnip growth. Weed management strategies should be implemented both before and after planting.

• Pre-Planting Herbicide Application: Consider using a non-selective herbicide, such as glyphosate, to control existing weeds before planting. Apply the herbicide according to label instructions, allowing sufficient time for the weeds to die before tillage or planting.
• Tillage for Weed Control: Tilling the soil can help control weeds by burying existing vegetation and disrupting their root systems. Till the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches, allowing the soil to settle before planting.
• Post-Emergence Weed Control: Monitor the food plot for weed emergence after planting. Hand-weeding can be effective for small plots or spot treatments. Alternatively, consider using a selective herbicide that is labeled for use on turnips, following label instructions carefully.
• Crop Rotation: Implement crop rotation practices to reduce weed pressure. Rotating turnips with other crops can help break weed cycles and prevent the buildup of specific weed species.

Tillage Techniques

Tillage plays a crucial role in preparing the seedbed for turnips, influencing soil structure, aeration, and water infiltration. The appropriate tillage technique depends on the soil type, existing vegetation, and equipment availability.

• Conventional Tillage: This involves multiple passes with tillage implements, such as a moldboard plow, disc harrow, and field cultivator. Conventional tillage provides thorough weed control and creates a well-pulverized seedbed. However, it can lead to soil erosion and the loss of soil organic matter.
• Reduced Tillage: This approach minimizes the number of tillage passes, preserving soil structure and reducing erosion risk. Techniques include using a disc harrow or chisel plow followed by a field cultivator.
• No-Till Planting: No-till planting eliminates tillage altogether, directly seeding turnips into the existing crop residue or cover crop. This method conserves soil moisture, reduces erosion, and can improve soil health. However, it requires careful weed management.

Planting Methods

The choice of planting method significantly affects turnip establishment and yield. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the optimal choice depends on the specific conditions of the food plot.

• Broadcasting: Broadcasting involves spreading turnip seeds evenly over the soil surface. This method is relatively simple and requires minimal equipment. However, it may result in uneven seed distribution and reduced germination rates if the seeds are not properly covered. Consider broadcasting immediately before a light rain or irrigation to aid seed-soil contact.
• Drilling: Drilling involves using a seed drill to plant turnip seeds at a specific depth and spacing. This method provides better seed-to-soil contact and more uniform seed placement, leading to improved germination and stand establishment. Drills are typically calibrated to deliver the recommended seeding rate.
• No-Till Planting: No-till planting involves using a no-till drill or planter to sow turnip seeds directly into the soil without prior tillage. This method conserves soil moisture, reduces erosion, and can improve soil health. It is particularly well-suited for cover crops or in areas with erosion concerns.

Planting Plan for a 1-Acre Turnip Food Plot

Creating a planting plan, including seeding rates and depth, is essential for successful turnip establishment. The plan should consider the specific soil type and planting method.

Seeding Rate and Depth:

The recommended seeding rate for turnips is typically 3-5 pounds of seed per acre, depending on the variety and desired plant density. The seeding depth should be approximately 1/4 to 1/2 inch. A good rule of thumb is to plant the seed at a depth of 3-4 times the diameter of the seed itself. For example, if the seed is 1/16 inch in diameter, then the planting depth should be 3/16 to 1/4 inch.

Soil Type Considerations:

For a 1-acre plot, consider the following recommendations based on soil type, assuming a well-drained soil with adequate fertility, and using a drill planter:

Soil Type	Seeding Rate (lbs/acre)	Planting Depth (inches)	Additional Notes
Sandy Soil	4-5	1/2	Sandy soils drain quickly, so ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Monitor soil moisture.
Loamy Soil	3-4	1/4 – 1/2	Loamy soils offer a good balance of drainage and moisture retention.
Clay Soil	3-4	1/4	Clay soils can compact easily. Avoid over-seeding and ensure proper drainage.

Example:

Consider a scenario where a 1-acre plot is located in a loamy soil. Following the plan above, the plot would be planted using a drill, with a seeding rate of 3-4 pounds of seed per acre, and a planting depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch. If broadcasting, the same seeding rate would be used, but the seeds should be lightly incorporated into the soil after broadcasting, such as with a cultipacker, or by dragging a chain or harrow.

Fertilizer and Nutrient Management

Optimal turnip growth and yield in a food plot depend heavily on proper nutrient management. Understanding the essential nutrients, their roles, and how to apply them is crucial for maximizing the productivity of the plot. This section provides a comprehensive guide to fertilizer and nutrient management for turnip food plots, covering nutrient requirements, fertilizer schedules, and deficiency identification.

Essential Nutrients for Turnip Growth

Turnips, like all plants, require a range of nutrients for healthy growth and development. These nutrients can be broadly categorized into macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are needed in larger quantities, while micronutrients are required in smaller amounts. The primary macronutrients, often referred to as the “big three,” are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Each plays a vital role in turnip physiology.

• Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is a key component of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, and is essential for leaf and stem growth. It’s also a building block for proteins, which are crucial for all plant processes. Nitrogen deficiency results in stunted growth and yellowing of older leaves (chlorosis).
• Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is vital for root development, energy transfer (ATP), and seed production. It is particularly important in the early stages of plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency often leads to stunted root growth, delayed maturity, and a purplish discoloration of leaves.
• Potassium (K): Potassium regulates water balance, enzyme activity, and the movement of sugars within the plant. It enhances disease resistance and improves the overall quality of the turnip. Potassium deficiency can cause yellowing and browning of leaf margins, as well as reduced plant vigor.

Fertilizer Schedule for a Turnip Food Plot

A well-planned fertilizer schedule is essential for providing turnips with the nutrients they need throughout their growth cycle. This schedule should be based on soil test results, which provide information about the existing nutrient levels in the soil. A soil test is the most reliable method for determining the specific fertilizer needs of a food plot. It’s recommended to conduct a soil test before planting and then adjust the fertilizer application based on the results.

Here is a sample fertilizer schedule based on common recommendations, assuming a moderate soil fertility level, and that the soil test results have been considered:

1. Pre-Planting: Before planting, incorporate a balanced fertilizer into the soil. A typical recommendation is to apply a fertilizer with a ratio of 10-20-10 or similar (N-P-K). The exact amount will depend on the soil test results and the fertilizer’s nutrient content. For example, if the soil test indicates a low phosphorus level, a higher phosphorus fertilizer (e.g., 10-30-10) might be more appropriate.

   Apply the fertilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Broadcast the fertilizer evenly over the plot and incorporate it into the top 4-6 inches of soil using a disc harrow or other tillage equipment.

2. At Planting: If using a no-till method or if the soil test indicates a specific deficiency, a starter fertilizer can be applied at planting. A starter fertilizer is a fertilizer that is placed near the seeds to provide nutrients to the young seedlings. A starter fertilizer often has a higher phosphorus content to encourage root development. A typical starter fertilizer ratio is 10-20-10 or 10-30-10.

3. Side-dressing (Optional): If the turnip plants show signs of nitrogen deficiency (yellowing of leaves), a side-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied. This involves applying nitrogen fertilizer along the rows of plants. The amount of nitrogen to apply depends on the severity of the deficiency and the plant’s stage of growth. Use a nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate or urea.

   Side-dress when plants are actively growing, typically a few weeks after emergence.

Important Note: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when applying fertilizer. Over-application of fertilizer can be harmful to the environment and can also damage the plants.

Identifying and Addressing Common Nutrient Deficiencies in Turnip Food Plots

Visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies can often be observed in turnip plants. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and correcting the problem. Here are some common nutrient deficiencies and their associated visual signs:

• Nitrogen Deficiency: Older leaves turn yellow (chlorosis), starting at the tips and edges and progressing inward. Plant growth is stunted. The overall plant appears pale green or yellow.
• Phosphorus Deficiency: Stunted growth, especially of roots. Leaves may develop a purplish or reddish discoloration, particularly on the underside. Delayed maturity.
• Potassium Deficiency: Yellowing or browning of leaf margins, often starting on older leaves. Leaf edges may curl or appear scorched. Reduced plant vigor.
• Magnesium Deficiency: Interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between the veins of the leaves) on older leaves. Veins remain green, creating a “marbled” appearance.
• Calcium Deficiency: Distorted or stunted new growth. Blossom end rot on the turnips (though less common in turnips than in tomatoes and peppers).

Addressing Nutrient Deficiencies:

The method of correcting a nutrient deficiency depends on the specific nutrient and the severity of the deficiency. For nitrogen, a side-dressing of a nitrogen-based fertilizer is often effective. For phosphorus and potassium, the deficiency can be corrected by applying the appropriate fertilizer. In some cases, foliar sprays can be used to provide nutrients directly to the leaves, especially for micronutrient deficiencies.

Always conduct a soil test to identify the specific nutrient deficiencies before applying fertilizer. In the absence of a soil test, a balanced fertilizer can be applied.

Example: Imagine a turnip food plot where the leaves of older plants are starting to turn yellow, a clear sign of nitrogen deficiency. A soil test was not conducted. A farmer can apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer, like ammonium nitrate, at a rate of 50-100 pounds per acre. The fertilizer should be applied evenly and incorporated into the soil. Within a week or two, the yellowing should start to disappear, and the plants should begin to green up.

Weed and Pest Control: Turnip Food Plot

Effective weed and pest control are crucial for maximizing turnip food plot yields. Uncontrolled weeds compete for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients, hindering turnip growth and reducing forage quality. Similarly, pests and diseases can significantly damage turnip plants, leading to yield losses and potential crop failure. Implementing a proactive and integrated approach to weed and pest management is therefore essential.

Weed Control Strategies

Weed control in turnip food plots involves a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods. The choice of method depends on factors such as the weed species present, the size of the food plot, and the grower’s preferences and resources.

Pre-emergent herbicides are applied before the turnip seeds germinate to prevent weed seeds from sprouting. Post-emergent herbicides are applied after the turnips have emerged to control existing weeds.

• Pre-emergent Herbicides: Pre-emergent herbicides are particularly effective in controlling annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Examples include:
  • Trifluralin: A dinitroaniline herbicide that inhibits root and shoot development. It is incorporated into the soil before planting and provides control of several annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
  • Metolachlor: An acetamide herbicide that inhibits cell division. It is applied pre-emergence and is effective against many annual grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds.
• Post-emergent Herbicides: Post-emergent herbicides target weeds that have already emerged. The choice of post-emergent herbicide depends on the weed species present and the selectivity of the herbicide.
  • Clethodim: A cyclohexanedione herbicide that controls grass weeds. It is safe for use on turnips and is effective against many annual and perennial grasses.
  • Sethoxydim: Another cyclohexanedione herbicide with similar efficacy to clethodim. It is also selective for grass weeds and safe for turnips.
  • Glyphosate: A broad-spectrum herbicide that controls a wide range of weeds. It is a non-selective herbicide, so it must be applied carefully to avoid damaging the turnips. This can be achieved through spot spraying or the use of shielded sprayers.
• Cultural and Mechanical Control: These methods can be used in conjunction with herbicides or as an alternative.
  • Crop Rotation: Rotating turnips with other crops can help to break weed cycles and reduce weed pressure.
  • Tillage: Tilling the soil before planting can help to bury weed seeds and disrupt weed growth.
  • Hand-weeding: Removing weeds by hand can be effective in small food plots.
  • Cover Cropping: Planting a cover crop prior to turnips can suppress weed growth and improve soil health.

Common Pests and Diseases, Turnip food plot

Turnips are susceptible to various pests and diseases that can negatively impact yield and plant health. Early detection and appropriate control measures are crucial for minimizing losses.

• Pests:
  • Flea Beetles: Small, jumping beetles that feed on turnip leaves, creating numerous small holes. Severe infestations can stunt plant growth.
    • Control: Insecticides (e.g., pyrethrins, carbaryl), row covers, and crop rotation can help manage flea beetles.
  • Cabbage Aphids: Small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from turnip plants, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves.
    • Control: Insecticidal soaps, neem oil, and beneficial insects (e.g., ladybugs, lacewings) can be used to control aphids.
  • Cabbage Worms (Imported Cabbage Worm): Green caterpillars that feed on turnip leaves, creating large holes.
    • Control: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a biological insecticide, is effective against cabbage worms. Insecticides (e.g., pyrethrins, carbaryl) can also be used. Handpicking can be effective for small infestations.
  • Root Maggots: Larvae of small flies that feed on turnip roots, causing tunnels and damage that can lead to plant decline.
    • Control: Crop rotation, soil insecticides (e.g., diazinon, applied before planting), and floating row covers can help manage root maggots.
• Diseases:
  • Black Rot: A bacterial disease that causes V-shaped lesions on leaf margins, leading to leaf death.
    • Control: Use disease-free seeds, practice crop rotation, and avoid overhead irrigation. Copper-based fungicides can be used preventatively.
  • Downy Mildew: A fungal disease that causes yellow or pale green spots on leaves, often with a fuzzy growth on the underside.
    • Control: Improve air circulation, avoid overhead irrigation, and use fungicides (e.g., mancozeb, chlorothalonil).
  • Clubroot: A soil-borne disease caused by a fungus that causes root galls and stunting.
    • Control: Crop rotation (avoiding other brassica crops), soil pH adjustment (raising pH to 7.2), and soil fumigation (in severe cases).

Organic Pest Control Options

Organic pest control methods focus on minimizing the use of synthetic pesticides and promoting natural pest control mechanisms.

Beneficial Insects

Encourage populations of beneficial insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, which prey on common turnip pests like aphids and cabbage worms. Habitat can be created through the use of flowering plants.

Neem Oil

A natural insecticide derived from the neem tree, effective against a wide range of pests, including aphids, flea beetles, and cabbage worms. It works by disrupting insect feeding and development.

Insecticidal Soap

Effective against soft-bodied insects such as aphids. Insecticidal soap works by breaking down the insect’s outer protective layer.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

A biological insecticide that specifically targets caterpillars, such as cabbage worms. Bt is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces a toxin that is lethal to caterpillars.

Row Covers

Physical barriers that protect turnip plants from pests such as flea beetles and cabbage worms. Row covers are made of lightweight fabric and are placed over the plants.

Crop Rotation

Rotating turnip food plots with other crops can help to break pest cycles and reduce pest populations.

Companion Planting

Planting turnips with companion plants that repel pests or attract beneficial insects can help to reduce pest pressure. Examples include planting turnips near aromatic herbs.

Wildlife Management and Grazing

Turnip food plots, while highly attractive to various wildlife species, are susceptible to grazing pressure, which can significantly impact their productivity and longevity. Effective wildlife management strategies are therefore crucial to maximize the benefits of these plots for both wildlife and the landowner. This section details the impact of grazing, methods for protection, and integration into broader wildlife management plans.

Impact of Grazing Pressure

Excessive grazing can severely reduce the yield and quality of turnip food plots. Heavy browsing, particularly during the early stages of plant growth, can hinder root development and reduce overall biomass production. This, in turn, diminishes the plot’s carrying capacity and its ability to provide adequate forage throughout the growing season. Understanding the level of grazing pressure and the specific wildlife species responsible is the first step toward effective management.

For instance, white-tailed deer are common grazers, and their feeding habits can quickly deplete a turnip plot if not managed. Similarly, other species like rabbits and rodents can contribute to significant damage, especially in smaller plots. The intensity of grazing can be estimated by visual inspection of the plot, noting the degree of defoliation and the presence of animal tracks or scat.

Methods for Protecting Turnip Food Plots

Protecting turnip food plots from excessive browsing requires implementing appropriate protective measures. Several methods are available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Fencing: Fencing is often the most effective method for excluding large herbivores like deer. Various types of fencing can be employed, including:
  • High-tensile fences: These are durable and effective, but can be expensive to install. They typically consist of multiple strands of high-tensile wire, providing a physical barrier that deters deer.
  • Electric fences: Electric fences deliver a mild shock, deterring deer from entering the plot. They can be more cost-effective than high-tensile fences, but require regular maintenance to ensure proper function.
  • Netting: Plastic netting can be draped over the plot. However, this method may not be effective against determined deer and can be challenging to install and maintain.
• Repellents: Repellents can be applied to the turnips to make them less palatable to browsing animals. These come in various forms, including:
  • Taste repellents: These products contain substances that make the plants taste unpleasant to deer, such as capsaicin (derived from chili peppers) or denatonium benzoate.
  • Odor repellents: These repellents utilize strong odors, such as putrescent egg solids or predator urine, to deter deer.

  Repellents typically require frequent reapplication, especially after rain or heavy dew, and their effectiveness can vary depending on the browsing pressure and the specific repellent used.

• Planting Strategies: Planting a larger food plot can provide some measure of protection. Deer tend to spread their browsing across a larger area, reducing the impact on individual plants. Interspersing turnips with other less palatable crops, such as brassicas, can also help to dilute the browsing pressure on the turnips.

Integrating Turnip Food Plots into a Broader Wildlife Management Plan

Turnip food plots should not be viewed in isolation but rather as an integral component of a comprehensive wildlife management plan. Integrating them with other strategies can significantly enhance their effectiveness and maximize their benefits for wildlife.

• Supplemental Feeding: In areas where natural forage is limited, supplemental feeding can help to reduce grazing pressure on turnip plots. Providing alternative food sources, such as corn or protein pellets, can divert some of the browsing from the turnips, allowing them to mature and produce a greater yield. It is important to implement supplemental feeding responsibly, following local regulations and guidelines.

  Over-supplementation can lead to negative consequences, such as increased disease transmission and altered wildlife behavior.

• Habitat Improvement: Improving the overall habitat can increase the carrying capacity of the land, reducing the reliance on food plots. This includes practices such as:
  • Prescribed burning: This can stimulate the growth of native forages and improve the availability of browse.
  • Timber stand improvement: Thinning or other forestry practices can increase sunlight penetration, promoting the growth of understory vegetation.
• Population Management: Managing the population size of key wildlife species, such as deer, can help to control browsing pressure. This may involve:
  • Implementing hunting regulations: This can help to maintain a balanced population and prevent overgrazing.
  • Monitoring population densities: Regularly monitoring wildlife populations can help to identify potential problems and adjust management strategies accordingly.

Harvesting and Utilization

The successful implementation of turnip food plots culminates in the harvesting and utilization phase. This stage determines the effectiveness of the plot in providing forage and nutritional resources for wildlife. Careful consideration of timing and management practices is crucial to maximize the benefits of turnips for various species throughout the year.

Optimal Harvest Timing for Wildlife Consumption

Determining the ideal harvest time is a balance between maximizing both forage quality and yield. The nutritional content of turnips, particularly the concentration of carbohydrates in the roots and protein in the leaves, fluctuates throughout the growing season.

• Fall/Early Winter: The primary objective for wildlife consumption is typically to provide a readily available food source during the fall and winter months. This coincides with periods of increased energy demands for wildlife due to breeding, migration, and cold weather survival. Harvesting turnips in late fall or early winter, after the first few frosts, is often preferred. Frost exposure can increase the sugar content of the roots, making them more palatable and nutritious.

• Late Winter/Early Spring: Turnip roots can persist through the winter, providing a critical food source when other forage is scarce. Delaying harvest into late winter or early spring can extend the period of availability. However, this may lead to some root deterioration, especially if the soil is prone to freeze-thaw cycles.
• Leaf Quality: The nutritional value of the leaves also declines as the plant matures and is exposed to frost. The leaves should be utilized before they decompose significantly.
• Yield Considerations: Yield is highest in the late fall. Delaying harvest too long may lead to a loss of root mass due to decomposition or wildlife consumption.

Wildlife Species Utilization Throughout the Year

Turnip food plots offer diverse benefits to various wildlife species throughout different seasons. The specific utilization patterns depend on the species’ dietary needs, habitat preferences, and the availability of other food sources.

• White-tailed Deer: Deer are a primary beneficiary of turnip food plots. During the fall and winter, deer readily consume both the leaves and the roots. The high carbohydrate content of the roots provides essential energy for survival during cold weather. The protein-rich leaves contribute to maintaining body condition.
• Wild Turkey: Turkeys also utilize turnip plots, particularly during the fall and winter. They consume both the leaves and the roots, and also forage for insects attracted to the plants.
• Upland Game Birds: Other upland game birds, such as quail and pheasant, may utilize turnip plots, primarily consuming the seeds and insects.
• Small Mammals: Small mammals, such as rabbits and rodents, also benefit from turnip plots. They consume the roots and leaves, providing a food source and cover.
• Seasonal Adaptations: The utilization of turnip plots varies seasonally. During the spring and summer, when other forage is abundant, wildlife may focus less on turnips. However, the plot can still provide cover and attract insects, supporting breeding and reproduction.

Descriptive Illustration of a Mature Turnip Food Plot

A mature turnip food plot presents a distinct visual profile characterized by specific plant structures and characteristics. This detailed description aids in understanding the plant’s growth and the resources it provides.The mature turnip plants are typically arranged in rows or broadcasted patches. The leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant, spreading outwards from a central point.

• Plant Structure: The plant typically stands 1-2 feet tall, depending on the variety and growing conditions. The leaves emerge from a central crown, forming a dense canopy that provides both food and cover.
• Leaf Characteristics: The leaves are broad, ranging from 6 to 12 inches in length, and have a slightly rough texture. The color of the leaves can vary from dark green to bluish-green, depending on the variety. The leaves are rich in protein and other nutrients.
• Root Development: The edible root, which is the primary target for wildlife, is located below the soil surface. The root’s size and shape vary depending on the turnip variety. The root is typically round or slightly elongated, and the size can range from a few inches to over a foot in diameter. The roots store carbohydrates and sugars, providing an energy-rich food source.

  The roots are usually white, yellow, or purple.

The plot is a visual mosaic of green leaves and the hidden, energy-rich roots beneath the soil, representing a crucial component of a wildlife management strategy.

Final Thoughts

In essence, the journey of a turnip food plot is a testament to the power of informed land management. From the initial soil test to the final harvest, each step is crucial in creating a thriving ecosystem. By understanding the nuances of turnip varieties, nutrient requirements, and wildlife behavior, you can unlock the full potential of your land. Embrace the challenge, implement these strategies, and witness the transformation of your property into a vibrant haven for wildlife, a true testament to your dedication.