Good Summer Food Plot Deer A Comprehensive Guide for Blokes.
Posted inWildlife Management

Good Summer Food Plot Deer A Comprehensive Guide for Blokes.

Right then, chaps, let’s get stuck in! Good summer food plot deer, eh? Sounds a bit posh, doesn’t it? But fear not, we’re breaking it down for you, the discerning hunter and habitat manager. We’ll be having a proper gander at the best summer grub to attract those magnificent stags and does, from the nutritional powerhouses to the easy-peasy planting techniques.

Forget your fancy degrees and just listen up, because we’re about to transform your patch into a deer haven.

We’ll be covering everything, from selecting the right plants (think of it as choosing the best ingredients for a cracking Sunday roast) to prepping the soil (giving it a good scrub before you get down to business, mind you). We’ll delve into the art of planting, weeding, and, of course, managing those pesky pests that try to spoil the party.

And because we’re all about making things simple, we’ll be providing you with all the necessary info, including planting schedules and advice on avoiding those classic blunders. Get ready to become the envy of your mates!

Choosing the Right Summer Food Plot Plants

Selecting appropriate summer food plot plants is crucial for maximizing deer attraction and providing essential nutrition during the critical antler growth and fawn rearing periods. Careful consideration of plant characteristics, local environmental conditions, and deer preferences ensures a successful food plot program.

Top 5 Summer Food Plot Plants

Several plant species are highly effective in attracting deer and providing valuable nutrition. The following list details five of the most popular choices, highlighting their nutritional benefits and palatability.

  • Soybeans (Glycine max): Soybeans are a high-protein legume, providing excellent forage for deer. They offer high levels of crude protein (around 20-25%) and are highly palatable. Soybeans are particularly beneficial during antler development and lactation.
  • Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata): Cowpeas are another excellent legume choice, known for their drought tolerance and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. They provide a good source of protein (18-22%) and are readily consumed by deer. Cowpeas can also improve soil health.
  • Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus): Sunflowers offer a combination of high palatability and nutritional value. Deer consume both the leaves and seeds, which are rich in oil and energy. Sunflowers can reach considerable heights, providing cover in addition to forage.
  • Lablab (Lablab purpureus): Lablab is a warm-season perennial legume that is highly palatable and nutritious. It offers high protein levels (20-28%) and excellent drought tolerance. Lablab can persist for multiple years, providing long-term forage.
  • Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum): Buckwheat is a fast-growing, short-season crop that can be used as a “nurse crop” for other plants. While not as high in protein as legumes, it’s highly attractive to deer and provides quick forage. It also improves soil health and suppresses weeds.

Benefits of Planting a Mix of Summer Food Plot Plants

Planting a diverse mix of summer food plot plants offers several advantages over monoculture plantings. This approach provides a broader range of nutritional components, extends the period of forage availability, and reduces the risk of crop failure due to disease or pest outbreaks.

  • Nutritional Diversity: A mix of plants ensures deer have access to a wider range of nutrients, including different amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. For example, combining legumes (high in protein) with grains (high in carbohydrates) provides a more balanced diet.
  • Extended Forage Availability: Different plants mature at different rates, extending the period during which deer can access palatable forage. Buckwheat, for instance, matures quickly, providing early-season forage, while soybeans and lablab offer forage later in the season.
  • Reduced Risk of Crop Failure: A diverse planting is less susceptible to complete failure due to disease or pest infestations. If one plant species is affected, others can still provide forage.
  • Improved Soil Health: Different plants have different root structures and nutrient requirements, which can improve soil structure and fertility. Legumes fix nitrogen, benefiting other plants in the mix.

Effective Combinations:

  • Soybeans and Sunflowers: Soybeans provide high protein, while sunflowers offer energy and palatability.
  • Cowpeas and Buckwheat: Cowpeas provide protein and soil benefits, while buckwheat offers early-season forage and quick ground cover.
  • Lablab and a Grass Mix: Lablab provides high protein, and the grass mix (e.g., sorghum sudangrass) offers additional forage and cover.

Growth Characteristics, Preferred Soil Types, and Sunlight Requirements of Popular Summer Food Plot Plants

The following table compares the growth characteristics, preferred soil types, and sunlight requirements of three popular summer food plot plants: soybeans, cowpeas, and sunflowers. This information helps in selecting plants that will thrive in specific locations and provide optimal forage for deer.

Plant Growth Characteristics Preferred Soil Type Sunlight Requirements
Soybeans Typically grow 2-4 feet tall; bushy plants; requires regular rainfall or irrigation; matures in 90-120 days. Well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0; tolerates a range of soil textures. Full sun (6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day) for optimal growth and seed production.
Cowpeas Vining or upright growth habit; can reach 1-3 feet in height; drought-tolerant; matures in 60-90 days. Well-drained soil; tolerates a wider range of soil types than soybeans; prefers a pH of 5.5-7.0. Full sun (6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day); can tolerate partial shade but yields may be reduced.
Sunflowers Can grow 5-10 feet tall; single stalk with a large flower head; drought-tolerant; matures in 80-120 days. Well-drained, fertile soil; pH range of 6.0-7.5; tolerates a variety of soil textures. Full sun (6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day) for optimal growth and seed production.

Importance of Selecting Plants Suited to the Local Climate and Soil Conditions

Selecting plants adapted to the local climate and soil conditions is essential for food plot success. Choosing plants that are well-suited to the area’s rainfall patterns, temperature extremes, and soil characteristics maximizes plant growth, forage production, and ultimately, deer attraction.

Examples:

  • In areas with frequent droughts, drought-tolerant plants like cowpeas and sunflowers are better choices than soybeans, which require more consistent moisture.
  • In regions with acidic soils, plants that tolerate lower pH levels, such as cowpeas, should be prioritized.
  • In areas with short growing seasons, selecting fast-maturing varieties of soybeans or using buckwheat as a quick-growing cover crop can provide valuable forage before the first frost.

Site Preparation and Planting Techniques: Good Summer Food Plot Deer

Preparing a summer food plot site and employing proper planting techniques are fundamental to maximizing forage production and attracting deer. These steps ensure optimal seed germination, growth, and ultimately, the success of the food plot in providing high-quality nutrition. A well-executed plan, incorporating soil health, weed control, and appropriate planting methods, is critical for achieving desired outcomes.

Soil Testing and Amending

Soil testing provides essential data for informed decisions regarding nutrient management and soil amendment. The information gathered from soil tests allows for the correction of deficiencies and the optimization of soil pH, directly influencing plant health and productivity.To effectively prepare a summer food plot site using soil testing and amending, follow these steps:

  1. Soil Sampling: Collect soil samples before planting, ideally several months in advance. This allows time for amendments to react with the soil. Use a soil probe or a trowel to collect samples from multiple locations within the plot area, representing different soil types if present. The depth of sampling should be approximately 6-8 inches for most summer food plot species. Mix the collected samples thoroughly and submit a composite sample to a reputable soil testing laboratory.

  2. Interpreting Soil Test Results: Soil test reports typically provide information on soil pH, organic matter content, and levels of essential nutrients like phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). They also often include recommendations for lime and fertilizer applications.
  3. Adjusting Soil pH: Soil pH is a crucial factor in nutrient availability. Most summer food plot species thrive in a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. If the soil pH is too low (acidic), apply agricultural lime (calcium carbonate or dolomitic lime). The application rate will be specified in the soil test report, often expressed in tons per acre. If the soil pH is too high (alkaline), it is generally more challenging to amend, and species selection may need to be adjusted.

  4. Fertilizer Application: Based on the soil test results, apply the recommended fertilizer. Fertilizer recommendations are usually expressed as pounds per acre of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2O 5), and potassium (K 2O). These values are critical. For instance, a recommendation of 50-50-50 would require you to apply fertilizer with a nutrient ratio as close as possible to the recommended one.
  5. Incorporation of Amendments: After applying lime and fertilizer, incorporate them into the soil using a disc harrow, plow, or rototiller. This process ensures that the amendments are mixed with the soil, promoting better nutrient availability and root development.
  6. Monitoring and Adjusting: Monitor the food plot throughout the growing season and observe plant growth and health. If nutrient deficiencies are suspected, consider a foliar fertilizer application or re-testing the soil to assess nutrient levels.

Planting Methods

Proper planting methods are crucial for ensuring good seed-to-soil contact, promoting germination, and establishing a healthy stand of summer food plot species. The choice of planting method depends on the equipment available, the size of the plot, and the specific species being planted.Different planting methods include:

  • Broadcasting: Broadcasting involves spreading seeds evenly over the soil surface. This method is suitable for small plots or when specialized equipment is unavailable. After broadcasting, the seeds must be covered by lightly disking, harrowing, or cultipacking to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.

    For example, a farmer with a 2-acre plot might broadcast a mixture of soybeans and cowpeas using a hand-held spreader, then lightly disc the area to cover the seeds.

  • Drilling: Drilling involves using a specialized planter to deposit seeds at a uniform depth and spacing. This method provides excellent seed-to-soil contact and is generally more efficient than broadcasting. Drills are particularly well-suited for planting small-seeded crops like clover and alfalfa.

    For instance, a landowner with a 5-acre plot could use a no-till drill to plant a mixture of sorghum and soybeans, achieving precise seed placement and reducing soil disturbance.

  • No-Till Planting: No-till planting involves planting seeds directly into the soil without prior tillage. This method minimizes soil erosion, conserves moisture, and reduces the need for herbicides. No-till planters are equipped with coulters or other devices to cut through crop residue and place seeds directly into the soil.

    A farmer using a no-till drill for a 10-acre corn plot, planting directly into the residue of a previous cover crop.

    This conserves moisture, improves soil health, and reduces the need for tillage operations.

Weed Control Strategies

Effective weed control is critical for maximizing the productivity of summer food plots. Weeds compete with desirable plants for resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, hindering their growth and reducing forage yield. A combination of pre-emergent and post-emergent strategies often provides the most effective weed control.Weed control methods include:

  • Pre-Emergent Herbicides: Pre-emergent herbicides are applied before weeds emerge from the soil. These herbicides prevent weed seeds from germinating or kill seedlings before they emerge. The choice of pre-emergent herbicide depends on the specific food plot species and the weeds present.

    For example, a soybean food plot can be treated with a pre-emergent herbicide like Pendimethalin, to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds before they emerge.

  • Post-Emergent Herbicides: Post-emergent herbicides are applied after weeds have emerged. These herbicides target existing weeds and can be either selective (targeting specific weed species) or non-selective (killing all vegetation).

    For example, if broadleaf weeds emerge in a corn food plot, a post-emergent herbicide like 2,4-D can be used to selectively control them.

  • Mechanical Weed Control: Mechanical methods, such as mowing or cultivation, can also be used to control weeds. Mowing is effective for controlling weeds that are taller than the food plot species, while cultivation can be used in row crops to remove weeds between rows.

    A farmer mowing a food plot of clover to control weeds and stimulate new growth.

  • Integrated Weed Management: A comprehensive approach that combines multiple weed control methods, including herbicides, mechanical control, and crop rotation, to minimize weed pressure and maintain a healthy food plot.

    A food plot manager might rotate between a corn plot (which allows for herbicide use) and a clover plot (where mowing can be used) to manage weed pressure.

Soil Amendment Application

Soil amendment application is a crucial step in optimizing soil conditions for plant growth. The specific types and application rates of amendments should be based on soil test results and the needs of the target food plot species.To incorporate soil amendments, follow these steps:

  1. Lime Application: Based on the soil test report, determine the recommended application rate of agricultural lime. Lime is typically applied to raise soil pH and improve nutrient availability. Apply the lime evenly over the plot area using a lime spreader.
    A soil test recommends 2 tons of lime per acre for a food plot, and the farmer spreads the lime evenly across the plot using a tractor-mounted spreader.

  2. Fertilizer Application: Determine the recommended fertilizer rates based on the soil test report. Apply the fertilizer using a broadcast spreader or a fertilizer drill, depending on the planting method. Ensure the fertilizer is spread evenly to avoid nutrient imbalances.
    The soil test suggests a 10-10-10 fertilizer at 300 pounds per acre. The farmer applies this using a broadcast spreader before planting.

  3. Organic Matter Amendments: If the soil test indicates low organic matter levels, consider adding organic amendments such as compost, manure, or cover crops. These amendments improve soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability. Incorporate these amendments into the soil using tillage equipment.
    A farmer incorporates composted manure into a food plot before planting to improve soil structure and fertility.

  4. Gypsum Application: If the soil test indicates a need for calcium and sulfur, gypsum can be applied. Gypsum does not affect soil pH, making it suitable for situations where pH is already within the desired range.
    A soil test indicates a sulfur deficiency, and the farmer applies gypsum at a rate of 500 pounds per acre.

  5. Incorporation: After applying soil amendments, incorporate them into the soil using a disc harrow, plow, or rototiller. This process ensures that the amendments are mixed with the soil, promoting better nutrient availability and root development.

Managing Summer Food Plots for Optimal Deer Attraction

Optimizing summer food plots requires diligent management practices to ensure both attractive forage and sustained productivity throughout the growing season. This involves careful attention to fertilization, watering, pest control, browsing pressure mitigation, and overall plot longevity. Implementing these strategies will contribute to maximizing the benefits of summer food plots for deer.

Proper Fertilization and Watering Techniques

Effective fertilization and watering are crucial for maximizing plant growth and nutritional value in summer food plots. These practices directly impact the palatability and attractiveness of the forage to deer.Fertilization recommendations are often based on soil testing. A soil test provides information on nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), pH, and other important soil characteristics. The results of the soil test guide the selection of the appropriate fertilizer and application rates.* Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is essential for leaf and stem growth.

Legumes, such as soybeans and cowpeas, often fix their own nitrogen. However, grasses and other non-legume plants benefit from nitrogen fertilization. Application rates depend on the specific plant species and soil conditions, but typically range from 30 to 60 pounds of actual nitrogen per acre.

Phosphorus (P)

Phosphorus is important for root development and overall plant health. Application rates are also determined by soil test results.

Potassium (K)

Potassium is essential for disease resistance and water regulation. Application rates are determined by soil test results.Fertilizers should be applied according to soil test recommendations, usually before planting or shortly after emergence. Broadcasting fertilizer is a common method, but incorporation into the soil can improve nutrient availability.Watering is essential, particularly during periods of drought. The frequency and amount of watering depend on rainfall and soil type.* Irrigation Systems: Utilizing irrigation systems, such as sprinklers or drip lines, can provide a consistent water supply, which is especially critical during dry spells.

Watering Frequency

Frequent, shallow watering is often preferable to infrequent, deep watering, especially for newly established plots.

Soil Moisture Monitoring

Soil moisture sensors can help to determine when and how much to water, preventing overwatering and conserving water resources.

Common Challenges in Summer Food Plots

Summer food plots face several challenges that can limit their productivity and attractiveness. These challenges include insect pests and browsing pressure.* Insect Pests: Various insect pests can damage summer food plot plants.

Examples

Bean leaf beetles can defoliate soybeans.

Armyworms can consume large quantities of forage.

Aphids can suck plant juices, weakening plants.

Solutions

Insecticide applications may be necessary. The choice of insecticide depends on the specific pest and plant species. Regular scouting for insect pests is crucial for early detection and timely intervention.

Browsing Pressure

High deer populations can exert significant browsing pressure, potentially preventing plants from reaching maturity and reducing forage availability.

Consequences

Excessive browsing can stunt plant growth, reduce seed production, and ultimately decrease the attractiveness of the food plot.

Mitigation

Strategies to reduce browsing pressure are essential for food plot success.

Methods for Protecting Food Plots from Overgrazing

Several methods can be employed to protect summer food plots from overgrazing by deer. The choice of method depends on the size of the plot, the deer population density, and available resources.* Fencing: Fencing is a highly effective method.

Types

High-tensile fences are a durable and long-lasting option.

Electric fences can deter deer with a mild shock.

Considerations

Further details about chicken canned cat food is accessible to provide you additional insights.

Fencing can be expensive and time-consuming to install. The height of the fence should be sufficient to deter deer (typically 8 feet or higher).

Repellents

Repellents can deter deer from browsing on food plots.

Types

Taste repellents make plants unpalatable.

Odor repellents create an unpleasant smell.

Considerations

Repellents may need to be reapplied regularly, especially after rain. Their effectiveness can vary.

Planting a Variety of Species

Planting a diverse mix of plant species can help to spread browsing pressure.

Strategy

If deer heavily browse one species, other species may be less affected.

Examples

Combining soybeans with sorghum or sunflowers can offer multiple food sources.

Hunting Pressure

Regulating hunting pressure can help to control deer populations.

Goal

Reducing deer numbers can alleviate browsing pressure on food plots.

Implementation

Implement proper harvest strategies and abide by local hunting regulations.

Strategies for Maximizing Longevity and Productivity

Maintaining the longevity and productivity of summer food plots requires proactive management practices throughout the growing season.* Weed Control: Weed competition can significantly reduce plant growth and forage production.

Methods

Pre-emergent herbicides can prevent weed seeds from germinating.

Post-emergent herbicides can control existing weeds.

Mechanical weed control, such as mowing, can be effective in some situations.

Considerations

The choice of herbicide depends on the specific weed species and the crop being grown.

Crop Rotation

Rotating food plot crops can help to improve soil health, reduce pest and disease pressure, and enhance overall productivity.

Example

Following a legume crop with a grass crop can improve soil fertility and break pest cycles.

Regular Scouting

Regular scouting for pests, diseases, and nutrient deficiencies is essential for early detection and timely intervention.

Action

Identifying and addressing problems promptly can prevent them from becoming major issues.

Soil Testing

Repeating soil tests periodically (e.g., every 2-3 years) allows for adjustments to fertilization practices and helps to maintain optimal soil fertility levels.

Summer Food Plot Plant Examples and Detailed Descriptions

Summer food plots offer crucial forage for deer during periods of high nutritional demand, particularly during antler growth for bucks and lactation for does. Selecting appropriate plant species is paramount for maximizing deer attraction and nutritional benefits. This section details various summer food plot plants, focusing on their physical characteristics, nutritional profiles, life cycles, and comparative advantages and disadvantages.

Physical Characteristics of Summer Food Plot Plants

Understanding the visual aspects of summer food plot plants at different growth stages is essential for proper identification and management. This knowledge helps in monitoring plant health, identifying potential issues like disease or pest infestations, and assessing forage availability.

  • Soybeans (Glycine max): Soybeans are broadleaf annuals that typically reach heights of 2-4 feet. Initially, seedlings exhibit simple, oval-shaped cotyledons. As they mature, trifoliate leaves develop, characterized by three leaflets. Flowers are small, typically purple or white, and appear in clusters. Pods, containing the beans, form after flowering and change color from green to brown as they ripen.

    At the early vegetative stage, soybeans present a low-growing profile, with a dense arrangement of leaves. During the reproductive stages, the plant’s structure becomes more upright, and the leaves expand, creating a thick canopy.

  • Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata): Cowpeas are also broadleaf annuals, displaying a vining growth habit, although some varieties are bush-type. Leaves are trifoliate, similar to soybeans, but often with a more slender appearance. Flowers can vary in color, including white, purple, or yellow. Pods are long and slender, containing multiple beans. Early growth is characterized by rapid stem elongation and leaf development.

    Mature plants exhibit a dense canopy, often covering the ground, with a significant amount of vine growth.

  • Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus): Sunflowers are tall, erect annuals, growing up to 10 feet or more. They are easily identified by their large, rough, heart-shaped leaves and the iconic large flower heads. The flower heads, which track the sun, are composed of numerous individual florets. The central disc florets are typically brown or black, while the outer ray florets are yellow. Young plants have a single, thick stem.

    As they mature, the stem becomes more robust, and the flower head develops.

  • Corn (Zea mays): Corn is a tall, erect annual grass. The plant features broad, lance-shaped leaves that alternate along the stalk. The tassel, which is the male flower, is located at the top of the plant. The ear, the female flower, develops lower on the stalk and is enclosed in husks. Young corn plants have a single stalk.

    As they grow, the stalk becomes thicker, and the leaves expand. The development of the tassel and ear indicates the reproductive stages.

Nutritional Benefits of Specific Plants

The nutritional value of summer food plot plants directly impacts deer health and productivity. Protein, carbohydrates, and mineral content are critical components that influence antler growth, body condition, and reproductive success.

  • Soybeans: Soybeans are exceptionally high in protein, typically ranging from 35-40% on a dry matter basis. This high protein content is crucial for antler development in bucks and milk production in does. They also provide a significant amount of carbohydrates and essential fatty acids. The mineral content includes phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, which are essential for bone development and overall health.

  • Cowpeas: Cowpeas are another excellent source of protein, often containing 20-30% protein. They offer a good balance of carbohydrates and are rich in various minerals, including iron, magnesium, and zinc. The nutritional profile of cowpeas makes them a valuable forage for deer.
  • Sunflowers: Sunflowers provide a moderate amount of protein (15-20%) and are high in carbohydrates and fats, offering a significant energy source. They are a good source of phosphorus and potassium. The seeds are particularly rich in oils, providing essential fatty acids that support deer health.
  • Corn: Corn is primarily a carbohydrate source, with a relatively low protein content (around 8-10%). However, it provides a high energy content, crucial for maintaining body condition, especially during the winter. Corn also contains essential minerals, such as phosphorus and potassium.

Plant Life Cycle of a Specific Summer Food Plot Plant

Understanding the life cycle of a specific plant helps in planning planting dates, managing weeds, and optimizing plant health. The following describes the life cycle of soybeans.

  • Germination: The soybean life cycle begins with germination, triggered by moisture and suitable temperatures. The seed absorbs water, swells, and the radicle (root) emerges. The cotyledons, which contain stored food reserves, emerge from the soil.
  • Vegetative Stage: Following germination, the plant enters the vegetative stage. The first true leaves, the trifoliate leaves, appear. The plant develops roots and stems, and more leaves are produced. This stage involves rapid growth and the accumulation of biomass.
  • Reproductive Stage: The reproductive stage commences with flowering. Small, purple or white flowers appear in clusters. After pollination, pods begin to form. The pods develop and fill with beans.
  • Maturity: As the beans mature, the plant enters the maturity stage. The leaves turn yellow, and the pods turn brown. The beans reach their maximum size and dry down. The plant then begins to senesce.

Benefits of Specific Plant Varieties

Different varieties of summer food plot plants offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. Selecting the right variety is essential for achieving optimal results in a specific location.

  • Soybeans:
    • Advantages: High protein content, palatability, and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. They provide excellent forage and are highly attractive to deer.
    • Disadvantages: Susceptible to deer browsing pressure, requiring larger plot sizes or protective measures. Can be affected by diseases and pests.
    • Varieties: Consider using Roundup Ready soybeans for weed control and varieties specifically bred for forage production, which can have improved palatability and growth characteristics.
  • Cowpeas:
    • Advantages: Excellent forage, nitrogen fixation, and tolerance to drought conditions. They are also relatively easy to establish.
    • Disadvantages: Can be susceptible to deer browsing pressure. The vining growth habit can make them challenging to manage in some situations.
    • Varieties: Bush-type cowpeas are often preferred due to their ease of management. Consider selecting varieties based on maturity and disease resistance.
  • Sunflowers:
    • Advantages: High seed production, providing a valuable food source for deer, particularly during the late summer and fall. Relatively easy to establish.
    • Disadvantages: Can be susceptible to bird predation. The stalks can be tough and less palatable after maturity.
    • Varieties: Choose varieties specifically bred for wildlife food plots, which may have higher oil content or earlier maturity.
  • Corn:
    • Advantages: High energy source, providing valuable carbohydrates. Can be a cost-effective option.
    • Disadvantages: Low protein content. Can be susceptible to browsing pressure and requires specific soil and management practices.
    • Varieties: Select corn varieties based on maturity, yield potential, and resistance to pests and diseases. Consider using a combination of early-maturing and late-maturing varieties to extend the availability of food.

Timing and Planting Schedule for Summer Food Plots

The success of a summer food plot hinges significantly on adhering to an appropriate planting schedule. This involves considering regional climate variations, potential frost dates, and the specific growth characteristics of the chosen plant species. Proper timing ensures optimal germination, growth, and ultimately, maximum forage production for deer.

Regional Planting Calendar

Planting times for summer food plots vary considerably based on geographic location. The following table provides a general guide, with optimal planting windows based on broad regional categories within the United States. Note that these are approximate dates, and local conditions should always be considered.

Region Optimal Planting Window Primary Considerations Example Species
Northeast Late May – Mid-June Last frost date, soil temperature Soybeans, Cowpeas, Sunflowers
Southeast April – June Humidity, rainfall, insect pressure Lablab, Iron & Clay Peas, Alyce Clover
Midwest Late May – Early June Soil moisture, frost risk Corn, Soybeans, Sorghum
Southwest June – July (with irrigation) Drought tolerance, irrigation availability Sorghum, Cowpeas, Sunflowers

Adjusting Planting Dates, Good summer food plot deer

Adjustments to the planting schedule are frequently necessary based on local weather patterns and the potential for frost. It is essential to monitor local weather forecasts and consider historical frost dates for the specific area.

  • Frost Dates: Planting should generally occur after the last expected frost. Using historical frost data from sources like the National Weather Service can help determine this. Planting too early can result in seedling death.
  • Soil Temperature: Soil temperature is a critical factor in germination. Many summer food plot species require a minimum soil temperature (e.g., 60°F or 15°C for soybeans). Soil temperature can be monitored using a soil thermometer.
  • Weather Patterns: Monitor short-term and long-term weather forecasts. Delay planting if heavy rains are predicted, which could lead to soil compaction or seed wash-out. Conversely, plant when adequate moisture is expected to support germination and early growth.

Staggering Planting Times

Staggering planting times extends the period of food availability for deer. By planting different sections of a food plot at intervals, the availability of forage is prolonged throughout the summer and into the early fall.

  • Multiple Plantings: Divide the food plot into sections and plant them at 2-4 week intervals. This creates a succession of growth stages.
  • Species Selection: Utilize a combination of fast-growing and slower-maturing species. Fast-growing species provide early forage, while slower-maturing species extend the period of availability.
  • Considerations: When staggering plantings, consider factors such as deer browsing pressure and the growth rates of different plant species. This requires careful planning and monitoring.

Monitoring and Adjustment Tips

Regular monitoring of a summer food plot is essential for success and necessitates adjustments to the planting schedule. This involves visual inspections and record-keeping.

  • Germination and Emergence: Monitor the food plot within the first few weeks after planting. Observe the rate of germination and emergence of seedlings. Poor germination may indicate a problem with seed quality, soil conditions, or planting depth.
  • Growth Rate: Assess the growth rate of the plants. Compare the actual growth to the expected growth rate for the species and time of year. Slow growth may indicate nutrient deficiencies, insufficient sunlight, or pest pressure.
  • Deer Browsing Pressure: Observe the level of browsing pressure. High browsing pressure on young plants can stunt their growth. Consider implementing measures to mitigate excessive browsing, such as fencing or supplemental planting.
  • Pest and Disease: Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and diseases. Early detection allows for timely intervention. Use appropriate control measures, such as insecticides or fungicides, if necessary.
  • Weed Control: Monitor the food plot for weed infestations. Weeds compete with food plot plants for resources. Implement weed control measures, such as herbicides or mechanical weeding, as needed.
  • Record Keeping: Maintain a detailed record of planting dates, weather conditions, fertilizer applications, and any observed problems or adjustments. This information is invaluable for planning future food plots.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Establishing and maintaining successful summer food plots requires careful planning and execution. Numerous factors can contribute to failure, ranging from poor site preparation to improper plant selection and inadequate management. Understanding these common pitfalls and implementing preventative measures is crucial for maximizing deer attraction and achieving desired forage production.

Poor Site Preparation

Inadequate site preparation is a frequent cause of food plot failure. This can manifest in various ways, hindering plant establishment and growth.

  • Insufficient Soil Testing: Failing to conduct a soil test before planting is a significant oversight. Soil tests provide critical information about nutrient levels (e.g., phosphorus, potassium), pH, and organic matter content. Without this information, it is impossible to accurately determine the necessary fertilizer and lime applications. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies, which stunt plant growth and reduce forage yield. For instance, if a soil test reveals a low pH (below 6.0), lime is needed to increase the pH to the optimal range for many summer food plot plants (typically 6.0-7.0).

    Neglecting this step can render fertilizers ineffective and limit plant nutrient uptake.

  • Inadequate Weed Control: Weeds compete with desired food plot plants for resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients. Failure to effectively control weeds during site preparation can result in weed infestation, leading to reduced forage production and deer utilization. Proper weed control methods include herbicide application (e.g., glyphosate for broad-spectrum control) before planting and the use of pre-emergent herbicides to prevent weed seed germination.

    In some cases, mechanical methods such as disking or plowing can also be employed to manage weeds.

  • Poor Seedbed Preparation: A well-prepared seedbed is essential for good seed-to-soil contact, which is critical for germination and seedling establishment. This involves tilling or disking the soil to create a loose, friable seedbed free of large clods or debris. If the seedbed is poorly prepared, seeds may not be adequately covered or may be buried too deep, leading to poor germination. Additionally, a rough seedbed can hinder the uniform distribution of seeds.

Incorrect Plant Selection and Planting Techniques

Choosing the wrong plants for a specific location or failing to implement proper planting techniques can also lead to food plot failure.

  • Inappropriate Plant Selection: Selecting plant species that are not suited to the local climate, soil conditions, or deer pressure can result in poor growth and reduced forage production. For example, planting soybeans in an area with high deer density may lead to complete defoliation before the plants can mature. Similarly, planting a warm-season annual like corn in a region with a short growing season may not allow the plants to reach maturity before the first frost.

  • Incorrect Planting Depth and Seeding Rate: Planting seeds too deep or too shallow can prevent germination. Similarly, using an incorrect seeding rate can lead to either over-crowding (resulting in stunted growth) or under-utilization of the available space. Each plant species has an optimal planting depth and seeding rate. For instance, soybeans are typically planted 1-2 inches deep, while clover seeds are often surface-sown and lightly cultipacked.

    The seeding rate for soybeans may be around 50-60 pounds per acre, depending on the variety and intended use.

  • Improper Timing of Planting: Planting too early or too late in the season can expose seedlings to unfavorable weather conditions (e.g., frost, drought) or prevent plants from reaching maturity before the end of the growing season. The optimal planting time varies depending on the geographic location and the plant species. In many areas, planting summer food plots occurs in late spring or early summer, after the last frost and when soil temperatures are consistently warm.

Inadequate Management Practices

Even with proper site preparation and planting, food plots require ongoing management to maximize their effectiveness. Neglecting these practices can significantly reduce forage production and deer attraction.

  • Lack of Weed Control During the Growing Season: Weeds can continue to emerge and compete with food plot plants throughout the growing season. Failure to control weeds after planting can lead to significant yield losses. This may involve the use of post-emergent herbicides (e.g., selective herbicides for broadleaf weeds in clover plots) or mechanical methods like mowing. Regular scouting for weeds is essential for timely intervention.

  • Insufficient Fertilization: Nutrients are essential for plant growth. Failing to apply fertilizer at the recommended rates, based on soil test results, can lead to nutrient deficiencies and reduced forage production. Fertilizer applications may be needed throughout the growing season, especially for fast-growing annuals. For example, nitrogen is often applied to corn and sorghum to promote rapid growth.
  • Ignoring Deer Pressure: High deer pressure can quickly deplete a food plot, especially in areas with dense deer populations. Without appropriate management, deer may consume the forage before the plants can reach maturity. This may involve implementing strategies like adjusting planting size and diversity to account for deer utilization rates, or using exclusion cages or repellents to protect young plants during establishment.

Common Mistakes and Corrective Actions

The following table summarizes common mistakes, their consequences, and the corrective actions that can be taken to avoid them.

Common Mistake Consequence Corrective Action Prevention
Poor Soil Testing Nutrient deficiencies, poor plant growth Conduct a soil test; amend soil based on results. Always perform a soil test before planting and every 2-3 years thereafter.
Inadequate Weed Control Weed infestation, reduced forage production Use pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides; employ mechanical methods. Plan for weed control before planting and throughout the growing season.
Incorrect Plant Selection Poor growth, reduced deer utilization Choose plant species suited to the local climate, soil conditions, and deer pressure. Research appropriate plant species for the specific location and intended goals.
Improper Planting Depth Poor germination, uneven plant stands Follow recommended planting depths for each plant species. Consult seed packaging and planting guides for optimal planting depths.

Troubleshooting Common Problems

Even with careful planning, problems can arise in summer food plots. Knowing how to troubleshoot these issues can help minimize losses and maintain forage production.

  • Poor Germination: Poor germination can result from several factors, including poor seed quality, incorrect planting depth, insufficient moisture, or unfavorable soil temperatures. To address this, use high-quality seed, ensure proper planting depth, provide adequate irrigation if necessary, and plant when soil temperatures are appropriate for the chosen species.
  • Stunted Growth: Stunted growth can be caused by nutrient deficiencies, weed competition, insect damage, or disease. Conduct a soil test to identify and correct nutrient deficiencies, control weeds, monitor for insect pests and diseases, and take appropriate control measures.
  • Herbicide Damage: Herbicides can sometimes damage food plot plants, especially if they are applied at the wrong rate or under unfavorable conditions. Always follow label instructions carefully when using herbicides. Consider using selective herbicides that target specific weeds while minimizing damage to the desired food plot plants.
  • Excessive Deer Browsing: Excessive deer browsing can quickly deplete a food plot. Implement strategies to mitigate deer pressure, such as planting larger plots, using exclusion cages or repellents, or adjusting the plant species selection to include browse-resistant varieties.

Integrating Summer Food Plots with Other Habitat Management Practices

Good Summer Food Plot Deer A Comprehensive Guide for Blokes.

Summer food plots, while beneficial on their own, are most effective when integrated into a comprehensive habitat management plan. This approach maximizes the benefits for deer and enhances overall ecosystem health. Combining food plots with other management techniques creates a more resilient and productive habitat.

Complementing Practices: Prescribed Burns and Timber Stand Improvement

Prescribed burns and timber stand improvement (TSI) are two crucial practices that synergize with summer food plots. Each technique offers unique advantages, and when combined, they create a significantly improved habitat.Prescribed burns, typically conducted during the dormant season, reduce the buildup of leaf litter and woody debris, releasing nutrients back into the soil. This process promotes the growth of herbaceous plants, which are essential for deer forage.

Following a burn, the increased sunlight reaching the forest floor creates an ideal environment for summer food plot establishment, particularly for plants like clovers and soybeans. The flush of new growth after a burn also attracts deer to the area, where the food plots provide additional nutritional resources.Timber stand improvement, which involves thinning or selectively removing trees, improves the quality of the remaining timber and opens up the canopy, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor.

This increased sunlight benefits both the timber and the understory vegetation, including summer food plot plantings. TSI can be strategically planned around food plots to enhance their effectiveness. For example, thinning around the edges of food plots can increase their size and sunlight exposure, while creating access lanes can improve deer movement to and from the plots. The removal of less desirable trees also stimulates the growth of desirable browse species, providing additional food and cover.

Incorporating Food Plots into a Deer Management Plan

Integrating summer food plots into a larger deer management plan requires a holistic approach, considering various factors to ensure sustainability and effectiveness. This approach ensures that food plots align with the overall goals of deer management, such as improving deer health, increasing antler size, and controlling population density.The first step is to assess the current deer population size and its relationship to the available habitat.

Overbrowsing can quickly degrade food plots and other vegetation, so it’s important to manage the herd size accordingly. Conducting deer surveys, such as spotlight counts or camera surveys, can provide data on the deer population. Based on this data, a deer management plan can be developed, including strategies for harvest, habitat improvement, and supplemental feeding, if necessary.The next consideration is the hunting pressure in the area.

High hunting pressure can cause deer to become more nocturnal and less likely to utilize food plots during daylight hours. Strategically placing food plots in areas with less hunting pressure, or implementing hunting strategies that minimize disturbance, can mitigate this issue. Establishing sanctuary areas where hunting is prohibited provides deer with a safe haven, encouraging them to use food plots more freely.Finally, the selection of summer food plot species should be tailored to the specific goals of the deer management plan.

If the goal is to improve antler size, planting high-protein forages, such as soybeans or lablab, is crucial. If the goal is to increase overall deer health, a diverse mix of forages that provide a range of nutrients is recommended. Regular soil testing is also essential to determine nutrient deficiencies and guide fertilization practices.

Creating a Diverse Habitat for Deer

A diverse habitat is essential for supporting a healthy deer population. This diversity should encompass food, cover, and water resources. Summer food plots play a critical role in providing a consistent food source during the growing season.

  • Food: Summer food plots offer high-quality nutrition during a critical period. Supplementing natural forage with crops like soybeans, corn, or sunflowers ensures a consistent supply of nutrients throughout the summer and early fall.
  • Cover: Adequate cover is crucial for deer protection from predators and the elements. Providing a mix of habitat types, including mature forests, thickets, and brush piles, offers a variety of cover options. Adjacent to food plots, areas of dense cover provide deer with a sense of security, encouraging them to utilize the food plots more frequently.
  • Water: Deer require access to clean water sources. Creating or maintaining water sources, such as ponds, streams, or strategically placed water troughs, is important. These water sources should be easily accessible to deer and located near food plots and bedding areas.

Creating a diverse habitat involves implementing a range of management practices, including prescribed burns, TSI, and the establishment of food plots. The integration of these practices allows for a balanced and resilient ecosystem.

Long-term planning is essential for the successful establishment and maintenance of summer food plots. Consider soil health, deer population dynamics, and the specific goals of your deer management plan when designing your food plot strategy. Consistent monitoring, adaptive management, and a commitment to habitat improvement are critical for maximizing the benefits of food plots and ensuring their long-term sustainability.

Conclusive Thoughts

So, there you have it, chaps! A crash course in creating the ultimate summer food plot for attracting those magnificent deer. Remember, it’s all about choosing the right plants, getting your hands dirty, and keeping an eye on things. By following these simple steps, you’ll be well on your way to a thriving food plot and a healthy deer population.

Now, go forth and make your patch the bee’s knees! Cheers!

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