Alright, buckle up, foodies! We’re diving headfirst into the vibrant world of Christmas in Haiti Food. Forget your basic holiday spread – we’re talking serious flavor explosions, family traditions that run deep, and a whole lotta love simmered into every single dish. Get ready to explore the heart and soul of Haitian Christmas, where food isn’t just fuel; it’s a celebration of heritage, independence, and pure, unadulterated joy.
From the legendary Soup Joumou, a symbol of freedom, to the sweet, boozy Kremas, Haitian Christmas is a culinary adventure you won’t forget. We’ll break down the must-have ingredients, the secret spice blends, and the regional variations that make each bite a unique experience. Prepare your taste buds and get ready to feast your eyes on the deliciousness of Haitian Christmas!
Traditional Haitian Christmas Dishes: Christmas In Haiti Food
Haitian Christmas celebrations are a vibrant tapestry woven with cultural traditions, familial bonds, and, most importantly, a rich culinary heritage. Food plays a central role, transforming the holiday into a feast for the senses, deeply rooted in history and community. The dishes prepared during this time are not merely sustenance; they are symbols of resilience, freedom, and the enduring spirit of the Haitian people.
This section will explore the iconic dishes that define a Haitian Christmas.
Main Ingredients of Haitian Christmas Eve Soup (Soup Joumou)
Soup Joumou, a symbol of Haitian independence, is a hearty and flavorful soup that forms the centerpiece of Christmas Eve celebrations. The key to its unique taste lies in a careful selection of ingredients, each contributing to the soup’s complex flavor profile.
- Joumou (Winter Squash): This is the star ingredient, providing the soup’s vibrant yellow color and a slightly sweet flavor. The squash is typically a type of pumpkin or winter squash, peeled, seeded, and pureed to create a smooth base.
- Beef: Beef, often a tougher cut like chuck or brisket, is simmered for hours to tenderize and impart a rich, meaty flavor to the broth. The beef is often seasoned with epis (a Haitian seasoning base) before cooking.
- Vegetables: A medley of vegetables adds depth and texture. These typically include carrots, potatoes, celery, and cabbage, all chopped and added to the simmering broth.
- Seasonings: A blend of aromatic spices and herbs is essential. These often include garlic, onions, scotch bonnet peppers (for a kick of heat), thyme, parsley, and cloves.
- Pasta: Small pasta shapes, like elbow macaroni or ditalini, are added towards the end of cooking to provide texture and absorb the flavorful broth.
- Epis: This is a fundamental element in Haitian cuisine, a flavorful seasoning paste made from a blend of herbs, spices, and vegetables. It includes scotch bonnet peppers, garlic, onion, parsley, thyme, and other aromatic ingredients.
Historical Significance of Soup Joumou and its Connection to Haitian Independence
Soup Joumou is more than just a soup; it is a potent symbol of Haitian independence and freedom. Its history is intertwined with the struggle for liberation from French colonial rule.
During the colonial era, soup joumou, made with winter squash, was a delicacy enjoyed exclusively by the French slave owners. After Haiti gained its independence in 1804, the formerly enslaved people reclaimed this soup as a symbol of their hard-won freedom. It became a powerful statement of self-determination, representing the overturning of the social order and the right to enjoy what was once forbidden.
“Soup Joumou is a testament to the Haitian people’s resilience and their ability to transform a symbol of oppression into a celebration of freedom.”
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Today, Soup Joumou is a staple of Haitian culture, especially during Christmas, symbolizing the triumph of the Haitian people and the enduring spirit of their heritage. It is shared among families and communities, reinforcing bonds and commemorating the historical significance of the holiday.
Step-by-Step Procedure for Preparing Soup Joumou
Preparing Soup Joumou is a labor of love, a process that often involves multiple family members working together. Here is a detailed guide to preparing this iconic dish, including some common variations.
- Prepare the Joumou: Peel, seed, and chop the winter squash. Boil it until tender, then puree it until smooth. Alternatively, roast the squash for a richer flavor before pureeing.
- Prepare the Beef: Season the beef generously with epis. In a large pot, brown the beef over medium heat.
- Sauté Aromatics: Add chopped onions, garlic, and other aromatics to the pot and sauté until softened.
- Add Vegetables and Broth: Add the chopped carrots, potatoes, celery, and cabbage to the pot. Pour in water or beef broth, ensuring the beef and vegetables are covered.
- Simmer: Bring the soup to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for several hours, or until the beef is very tender.
- Add Pureed Joumou: Stir in the pureed joumou. Season with thyme, parsley, and salt and pepper to taste.
- Cook Pasta: Add the pasta and cook until al dente.
- Adjust Seasoning: Taste and adjust seasonings as needed, adding more epis or salt and pepper.
- Serve: Ladle the hot soup into bowls and serve with crusty bread.
Variations: Some variations include adding other vegetables like parsnips or turnips. Some cooks also add a touch of citrus, such as a squeeze of lime juice, just before serving.
Preparation of a Typical Haitian Christmas Meal
A typical Haitian Christmas meal extends beyond Soup Joumou, offering a complete and festive culinary experience. The meal often includes a main course, several side dishes, and a selection of desserts.
The Christmas meal is a family affair, with each dish prepared with care and passed down through generations.
- Main Course: The main course typically features a roasted or stewed meat.
- Roasted Turkey or Chicken: These are popular choices, often seasoned with epis and herbs, and roasted to golden perfection.
- Stewed Goat (Taso Kabrit): This is another common main course, the goat is marinated in epis and slow-cooked until tender.
- Sides: A variety of side dishes complement the main course, providing a balance of flavors and textures.
- Diri kole ak pwa (Rice and Beans): This is a staple in Haitian cuisine, rice cooked with red beans and coconut milk, creating a flavorful and creamy side dish.
- Pikliz: A spicy pickled cabbage relish, adding a tangy and crunchy element to the meal.
- Fried Plantains (Bannann peze): Plantains are a versatile fruit, often fried until golden brown and caramelized, providing a sweet and savory counterpoint to the other dishes.
- Potato Salad: A classic side dish, adapted to Haitian tastes with local spices and ingredients.
- Desserts: Christmas desserts are a celebration of sweetness and tradition.
- Pain Patate (Sweet Potato Bread): A moist and flavorful bread made with sweet potatoes, spices, and often raisins or nuts.
- Kremas: A creamy, rum-infused drink, similar to eggnog, is a popular dessert beverage.
- Dous Makos (Coconut Candy): A sweet treat made from shredded coconut and sugar.
- Gingerbread: A spiced cake often enjoyed during the holiday season.
Regional Variations in Christmas Food
Haitian Christmas food traditions, while sharing a common foundation, exhibit fascinating regional variations. These differences stem from local ingredient availability, historical influences, and the unique culinary practices of different communities. Understanding these nuances offers a deeper appreciation for the richness and diversity of Haitian culture during the holiday season.
Regional Differences Identified in Christmas Food Traditions
Several regions in Haiti showcase distinct culinary approaches to Christmas celebrations. These differences are often most pronounced in the ingredients used, the specific dishes prepared, and the methods of cooking employed. This section explores these variations in detail, highlighting the culinary landscapes of different areas across the country.
- Port-au-Prince: The capital city often features a blend of traditions, influenced by both local and international flavors. Dishes may incorporate a wider variety of ingredients due to greater access to imported goods.
- Cap-Haïtien: This northern city, with its historical significance, often retains more traditional practices, with a strong emphasis on local produce and time-honored cooking techniques.
- Les Cayes: Located in the South, Les Cayes may focus on seafood dishes, reflecting its coastal location.
- Gonaïves: This region, situated in the Artibonite Department, might highlight dishes made with rice and beans, which are staples in Haitian cuisine.
Comparison of Christmas Food Customs in Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien
Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien, while both significant urban centers, offer contrasting culinary experiences during Christmas. The contrast highlights the interplay between tradition, accessibility, and cultural influences.
- Port-au-Prince: Christmas menus in Port-au-Prince might include a wider range of dishes, such as a more elaborate soup joumou with added vegetables and meats, alongside more modern influences like imported desserts or specialized Christmas cakes. Availability of ingredients is generally higher, allowing for more diverse choices.
- Cap-Haïtien: Cap-Haïtien often leans towards more traditional preparations. The focus may be on classic dishes, such as a simpler, more rustic soup joumou and dishes made with locally sourced ingredients, emphasizing authentic flavors. The cooking methods may also adhere more closely to older, established techniques passed down through generations.
Variations in Ingredients and Cooking Methods by Region
The core ingredients and cooking methods in Haitian Christmas cuisine can vary significantly from one region to another, showcasing the adaptability of Haitian cooks and the influence of the local environment.
- Ingredients:
- Coastal Regions: Seafood, such as fish and shellfish, is more likely to feature prominently in Christmas dishes.
- Rural Areas: Local produce, including root vegetables, fruits, and vegetables grown in home gardens, forms the base of many dishes.
- Urban Centers: Greater access to imported ingredients, such as specific spices or exotic fruits, is common.
- Cooking Methods:
- Traditional Methods: Cooking over charcoal or using wood-fired ovens is still prevalent in many rural areas, adding a smoky flavor to the food.
- Modern Adaptations: Urban areas may incorporate modern appliances like ovens and pressure cookers, which offer faster cooking times and greater convenience.
- Seasoning and Spices: The use of local herbs and spices, such as epis (a blend of herbs and spices) varies from region to region, depending on availability and personal preferences.
Christmas Dishes and Their Regional Origins
The following table showcases different Christmas dishes and their regional origins. Note that the presence of a dish in a particular region does not exclude it from being found elsewhere, but rather highlights its stronger association with that area.
Dish | Regional Origin | Key Ingredients | Distinctive Features |
---|---|---|---|
Soup Joumou | Widely enjoyed across Haiti, but particularly important in the South | Pumpkin, beef, potatoes, carrots, celery, onions, cabbage, macaroni | The pumpkin soup is a symbol of Haitian Independence. Variations exist, with some regions adding more vegetables or different types of meat. |
Diri ak Djon Djon | Northern Haiti, especially Cap-Haïtien | Black mushrooms (djon djon), rice, onions, garlic, scotch bonnet peppers | The black mushroom gives the rice a distinctive dark color and earthy flavor. Often served with chicken or seafood. |
Pwason Griye (Grilled Fish) | Coastal Regions, such as Les Cayes | Fresh fish (e.g., red snapper), epis, lime juice, garlic | The fish is grilled over charcoal, often seasoned with a flavorful blend of spices and served with a side of rice and beans or plantains. |
RICE AND BEANS | Artibonite (Gonaïves) | Rice, red beans, onions, garlic, epis, coconut milk (optional) | Rice and beans are a staple across Haiti, and in Artibonite, they are often prepared with a rich flavor, sometimes including coconut milk for added creaminess. |
Common Ingredients and Spices
Haitian Christmas cuisine is a vibrant tapestry of flavors, largely defined by a unique blend of spices, herbs, and tropical fruits. These ingredients not only impart distinctive tastes but also reflect the island’s rich cultural heritage and the influence of various culinary traditions. The careful selection and application of these components are essential for creating the festive atmosphere associated with the holiday season.
Common Spices and Herbs
Aromatic spices and fresh herbs are the soul of Haitian Christmas dishes, lending depth, complexity, and a signature warmth. They are used liberally, transforming simple ingredients into culinary masterpieces.
- Epis: This is the cornerstone of Haitian cooking, a flavorful base of blended herbs and spices. It typically includes garlic, onions, scallions, parsley, thyme, scotch bonnet peppers (for heat), and sometimes citrus zest. The exact recipe varies from household to household, but it is a must-have for most dishes.
- Scotch Bonnet Peppers: These fiery peppers are essential for adding heat to many dishes. They are used sparingly, either whole or finely chopped, to infuse a dish with a spicy kick.
- Cinnamon: Ground cinnamon and cinnamon sticks are used extensively in desserts and drinks, such as kremas and hot chocolate, adding a warm, sweet aroma.
- Nutmeg: Ground nutmeg provides a warm, slightly nutty flavor, often found in desserts, meat dishes, and beverages.
- Cloves: Whole cloves are used in stews, sauces, and spiced drinks, adding a strong, aromatic, and slightly sweet flavor.
- Allspice: Also known as “pimento,” allspice offers a complex flavor profile, combining notes of cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.
- Thyme: Fresh thyme is a common herb, often used in stews, marinades, and rice dishes, adding an earthy and aromatic note.
- Parsley: Fresh parsley is used as a garnish and added to various dishes, offering a fresh, herbaceous flavor.
Spice and Herb Applications in Recipes, Christmas in haiti food
The versatility of these spices and herbs is evident in their use across a wide range of Christmas recipes. They are carefully incorporated to enhance the natural flavors of the ingredients.
- Poulet en Sauce: Epis is a key component in marinating and flavoring the chicken, creating a flavorful and tender dish. Scotch bonnet peppers are added for a touch of heat.
- Joumou Soup: The complex flavor profile of Joumou Soup relies heavily on the combination of epis, cloves, and nutmeg.
- Pate: Spices are used to season the meat fillings, often including a blend of allspice, cloves, and thyme, which gives a unique aroma and flavor.
- Kremas: Cinnamon and nutmeg are essential for flavoring this creamy, festive drink.
- Black Rice (Diri Djon Djon): Thyme and epis are often used to flavor this dish.
Role of Citrus Fruits and Tropical Produce
Citrus fruits and other tropical produce play a crucial role in Haitian Christmas cuisine, adding a refreshing counterpoint to the rich, savory dishes and providing vibrant flavors.
- Oranges: The juice and zest of oranges are often used in marinades for meats, such as turkey or ham, adding a bright, citrusy flavor. Orange slices are also used as a garnish.
- Limes: Limes are used to add acidity and brightness to various dishes, from marinades to sauces.
- Mangoes: Mangoes can be used to prepare chutneys or salads that accompany the main dishes, adding a sweet and tropical flavor.
- Pineapples: Grilled or caramelized pineapple is a common side dish, providing a sweet and tangy contrast to savory flavors.
- Plantains: Fried plantains (banann peze) are a popular side dish, offering a sweet and starchy element to the meal.
List of Common Ingredients
Haitian Christmas food is characterized by a diverse range of ingredients, reflecting the island’s agricultural bounty and culinary traditions.
- Meat: Turkey, ham, chicken, and goat are common protein sources for Christmas feasts.
- Vegetables: Potatoes, carrots, celery, onions, and various types of squash are used in stews, soups, and side dishes.
- Legumes: Black beans, kidney beans, and other legumes are used in soups, stews, and side dishes.
- Rice: Rice is a staple, often prepared in various ways, including plain white rice, rice and beans, and black rice.
- Pasta: Pasta, such as spaghetti, is a common side dish, often cooked with tomato sauce and meat.
- Fruits: Oranges, limes, mangoes, pineapples, and plantains are integral to the flavor profile of many Christmas dishes.
- Spices and Herbs: Epis, scotch bonnet peppers, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, allspice, thyme, and parsley.
- Dairy and Coconut Products: Coconut milk, used in many dishes, and dairy products such as milk and cream.
- Flour and Dough: Used in the preparation of breads, pastries, and desserts.
- Sugar: Used in various desserts and drinks.
Festive Desserts and Drinks
The Christmas season in Haiti is not complete without the indulgence in sweet treats and refreshing beverages. These festive desserts and drinks are integral to the celebration, offering a taste of Haitian heritage and hospitality. They are often shared among family and friends, adding a layer of joy and conviviality to the holiday festivities.
Popular Christmas Desserts
Christmas in Haiti features a delectable array of desserts that satisfy the sweet tooth. These treats often incorporate local ingredients and reflect the cultural influences of the island.
- Pain Patate: This sweet potato bread is a staple during the Christmas season. It’s a moist, flavorful bread made with sweet potatoes, flour, sugar, spices like nutmeg and cinnamon, and sometimes raisins or coconut. The baking process infuses the house with a warm, inviting aroma, a hallmark of the Christmas spirit.
- Dous Makos: A traditional Haitian fudge, Dous Makos is a rich and creamy confection made primarily from coconut milk, sugar, and sometimes spices like vanilla or cinnamon. It’s often shaped into small squares or rectangles and is a delightful treat.
- Fosèt: Fosèt are small, fried pastries, similar to doughnuts, but with a unique Haitian twist. They’re often spiced and drizzled with a sweet glaze, providing a crispy and satisfying dessert.
Kremas: Ingredients and Preparation
Kremas is a signature Haitian Christmas drink, a creamy and flavorful concoction that embodies the spirit of the season. Its preparation is a cherished tradition passed down through generations.
The ingredients for kremas typically include:
- Evaporated milk
- Condensed milk
- Coconut cream or milk
- White rum (Barbancourt is a popular choice)
- Cinnamon
- Nutmeg
- Vanilla extract
- Star anise (optional)
The preparation involves:
- Mixing evaporated milk, condensed milk, and coconut cream or milk in a blender until smooth.
- Adding white rum to the mixture, adjusting the amount according to taste and desired potency. Barbancourt rum, a well-known Haitian brand, is frequently used.
- Incorporating spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla extract.
- Blending until all ingredients are well combined and the mixture is creamy.
- Chilling the kremas for several hours or overnight to allow the flavors to meld.
- Serving chilled, often garnished with a sprinkle of nutmeg or a cinnamon stick.
The precise recipe and proportions of ingredients can vary from family to family, leading to unique and treasured versions of kremas.
Traditional Christmas Drinks
Beyond kremas, other drinks hold significant cultural value during the Christmas season in Haiti. These beverages contribute to the festive atmosphere and are enjoyed by all.
- Kremas: As described above, Kremas is the quintessential Haitian Christmas drink, a creamy, spiced, and alcoholic beverage made with coconut, condensed milk, and rum. It represents the holiday spirit and is frequently shared.
- Ginger Beer (Joumou): While not exclusively a Christmas drink, homemade ginger beer is often enjoyed during the holidays. Its spicy and refreshing taste complements the rich desserts.
- Sorrel (Bissap): This hibiscus-based drink is a popular choice, often served during the holiday season. It is known for its tart and refreshing flavor and vibrant red color.
Food and Christmas Celebrations
Food is the heart of Haitian Christmas, weaving together family, community, and tradition into a vibrant tapestry of flavors and experiences. The preparation and sharing of Christmas meals are not just about sustenance; they are about connection, celebration, and the enduring legacy of Haitian culture.
Central Role of Food in Haitian Christmas Celebrations
Food serves as the centerpiece of Haitian Christmas celebrations, embodying the spirit of joy, togetherness, and cultural identity. The elaborate feasts prepared and shared during this time are a testament to the importance of food in Haitian society.
Family and Community in Preparing and Sharing Christmas Meals
The preparation and sharing of Christmas meals in Haiti are deeply communal experiences, often involving multiple generations and extended family members. This collaborative effort reinforces bonds and creates lasting memories.
- Preparation: The weeks leading up to Christmas are filled with the bustling activity of food preparation. Families come together to shop for ingredients, butcher animals, and prepare the various dishes that will grace the Christmas table. This process is often a shared effort, with each family member contributing their skills and knowledge.
- Sharing: Christmas meals are rarely confined to the immediate family. Neighbors, friends, and extended family members are often invited to share in the feast. This practice of sharing underscores the importance of community and hospitality in Haitian culture.
- Community Gatherings: In many communities, Christmas celebrations extend beyond individual family gatherings. Churches, community centers, and local organizations often host their own Christmas meals, providing opportunities for people to come together and celebrate the season.
Passing Down Food Traditions Through Generations
Haitian Christmas food traditions are meticulously passed down through generations, ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage and culinary expertise. These traditions are often learned through observation, participation, and direct instruction.
- Oral Tradition: Recipes and cooking techniques are often passed down orally, from mothers and grandmothers to daughters and granddaughters. This ensures that the nuances of each dish, including specific spice blends and cooking methods, are preserved.
- Practical Experience: Children and young adults actively participate in the preparation of Christmas meals, learning by doing. This hands-on experience allows them to master the techniques and recipes, ensuring that they can continue the traditions in the future.
- Adaptation and Innovation: While traditional recipes are highly valued, there is also room for adaptation and innovation. Families may add their own personal touches to classic dishes, creating unique variations that reflect their individual preferences and regional influences.
The aroma of Joumou filled the air, mingling with the laughter of children and the murmur of conversations. Mama Rose, the matriarch, stirred the pot, her face etched with the wisdom of years. Her granddaughter, Marie, watched intently, taking mental notes. Across the table, Papa Jean carved the roasted turkey, offering generous portions to everyone. The table, laden with a vibrant array of dishes, reflected the love and unity of the family.
Each bite was a taste of tradition, a reminder of the shared history and the enduring bonds that tied them together. This Christmas meal was more than just food; it was a celebration of life, family, and the enduring spirit of Haiti.
Modern Adaptations and Influences
The vibrant culinary landscape of Haiti, especially during Christmas, has seen significant shifts due to modern influences. These changes reflect globalization, migration, and the evolving tastes of a new generation. While traditional dishes remain cherished, they are often reimagined or supplemented with contemporary elements, creating a dynamic blend of the old and the new. This evolution mirrors the broader societal changes Haiti has undergone.
Globalization’s Impact
Globalization has undeniably reshaped Haitian Christmas cuisine. Access to ingredients from around the world, coupled with the influence of international culinary trends, has led to a broader range of options.
- Availability of Ingredients: Ingredients previously unavailable or rare in Haiti, such as specific spices, imported fruits, and diverse meats, are now more accessible. This allows for greater experimentation and the inclusion of flavors from different cultures. For example, a traditional
-diri kole* (rice and beans) might now incorporate saffron or exotic vegetables, reflecting global culinary trends. - International Cuisine Influence: Haitian cooks are exposed to international cooking styles through media, travel, and the diaspora. This exposure has resulted in the incorporation of techniques and dishes from other cuisines. For instance, a Christmas Eve dinner might include elements of French cuisine, a nod to Haiti’s colonial past, or incorporate Latin American influences in the form of empanadas or grilled meats.
- Diaspora Influence: The Haitian diaspora, residing in countries like the United States, Canada, and France, plays a crucial role. Returning family members often bring back new culinary experiences and recipes, which are then incorporated into Christmas traditions. This creates a constant flow of new flavors and techniques into Haitian kitchens.
Fusion Dishes and New Interpretations
The blending of traditional Haitian flavors with modern culinary techniques and international influences has given rise to exciting fusion dishes. These innovative creations often respect the core principles of Haitian cuisine while introducing new textures, tastes, and presentations.
- Reimagined
-Soup Joumou*: While the core of
-Soup Joumou* remains the same—pumpkin soup—modern interpretations might include variations in spice blends, the addition of gourmet ingredients, or a more refined presentation. Some cooks might use a more complex mirepoix base, or add coconut milk for extra creaminess, or incorporate different types of root vegetables for added depth. - Contemporary
-Diri Kole*: The classic rice and beans dish is being adapted with the use of different types of rice, beans, and cooking methods. Some chefs might use wild rice or quinoa instead of white rice, or add herbs and spices to the cooking liquid for enhanced flavor. The use of different types of beans, such as black beans or kidney beans, is also becoming more common. - Fusion Desserts: Traditional Haitian desserts, such as
-pen patat* (sweet potato bread) or
-doukounou* (cornmeal pudding), are being given modern twists. For example,
-pen patat* might be infused with chocolate or coffee, or
-doukounou* might be served with a modern fruit compote or a dollop of whipped cream.
Impact of Social Media and Technology
Social media and the internet have also contributed significantly to the evolution of Haitian Christmas food. Online platforms offer a space for sharing recipes, techniques, and culinary innovations.
- Recipe Sharing: Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook are filled with Haitian cooks sharing their recipes and culinary creations. This allows for the rapid dissemination of new ideas and techniques.
- Culinary Trends: Social media exposes Haitian cooks to global culinary trends, such as veganism, gluten-free cooking, and plant-based diets. This has led to the adaptation of traditional recipes to accommodate dietary restrictions and preferences. For instance, some cooks are experimenting with vegan versions of traditional dishes, using plant-based meat alternatives in
-tchaka* or replacing dairy products with coconut milk. - Food Tourism: The growth of food tourism and culinary experiences in Haiti provides another avenue for the evolution of Christmas cuisine. Tourists often seek out authentic culinary experiences, leading to chefs experimenting with modern interpretations of traditional dishes.
Final Thoughts

So, there you have it, a delicious glimpse into the world of Christmas in Haiti Food! From the bustling kitchens to the shared tables, this holiday is all about community, family, and the vibrant flavors that make Haitian cuisine so special. Whether you’re whipping up your own Soup Joumou or simply dreaming of Kremas, remember the spirit of joy and the rich history behind every single bite.
Happy holidays, and bon appétit!