Assessing the Situation: Age and Immediate Needs
Discovering a tiny, orphaned baby squirrel can tug at your heartstrings. Perhaps you found it shivering on the ground after a storm, or maybe its nest was disturbed, leaving it vulnerable and alone. While the urge to help is natural, successfully raising a baby squirrel to be healthy and independent requires dedication and, most importantly, a thorough understanding of its nutritional needs. Providing the correct food for baby squirrels, along with appropriate hydration and diligent feeding techniques, is paramount to its survival and healthy development. This comprehensive guide will provide the essential information you need to successfully care for a baby squirrel, ensuring it gets the best possible start in life.
Signs of Needing Help
Before you rush into feeding, it’s crucial to evaluate the situation. Determining the baby squirrel’s age will dictate its specific dietary requirements. More importantly, understanding whether it truly needs your help is vital.
A baby squirrel needing assistance often exhibits clear signs. Look for visible injuries, such as wounds or broken limbs. Check if the squirrel feels cold to the touch, a sign of hypothermia. Observe its behavior: is it weak, lethargic, or unresponsive? The presence of flies or parasites also indicates a compromised state requiring immediate intervention.
Estimating Age
Estimating the age is a crucial step in selecting the proper food for baby squirrels. Squirrels progress through distinct developmental stages.
The “pinky” stage describes a newborn squirrel, completely hairless with its eyes still closed. At this point, they are completely dependent on formula. Next, in the “fuzzy” stage, fine fur begins to emerge, and the eyes might be partially or fully open. Then comes the “eyes open” stage. By this time, the squirrel is fully furred, more mobile, and increasingly curious about its surroundings. Finally, the “weaning” stage signals the transition to solid foods, as the squirrel begins to nibble and explore different textures and tastes. Observing these physical markers will help you determine the right food and feeding schedule.
Hydration is Key
Don’t underestimate the importance of hydration. Dehydration can quickly become life-threatening for baby squirrels. In the early stages, focus on providing electrolyte solutions to replenish lost fluids. Signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth, and decreased skin elasticity. Gently pinch a small amount of skin; if it doesn’t immediately spring back, the squirrel is likely dehydrated.
The Right Diet: Feeding Guidelines Based on Age
Once you have assessed the squirrel’s age and overall health, you can determine the appropriate food for baby squirrels and establish a feeding schedule. Remember, mimicking the mother squirrel’s milk is the goal.
Formula Options
Choosing the correct formula is essential. The gold standard is Fox Valley Animal Nutrition formula, specifically designed for squirrels. Its balanced composition closely resembles a mother squirrel’s milk, providing the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development. While it can sometimes be difficult to find in local pet stores, ordering online is usually the best option.
If Fox Valley is unavailable, Esbilac puppy milk replacer can be used as an alternative, but with caution. Esbilac is not specifically formulated for squirrels and may require adjustments to the concentration. Some rehabilitators recommend diluting it slightly with water or adding a small amount of heavy cream to increase the fat content. Cow’s milk and human baby formula are entirely unsuitable and should never be given to baby squirrels. They lack the necessary nutrients and can cause severe digestive problems, even death.
Feeding Schedule and Amounts
The feeding schedule and amounts vary according to the squirrel’s age. During the pinky stage, when the squirrel is entirely dependent on formula, frequent feedings are essential. Typically, pinkies require feeding every two to three hours around the clock. As they grow, you can gradually increase the intervals between feedings. Always follow the instructions on the formula packaging for the appropriate amount to feed based on the squirrel’s weight and age. A general guideline is to feed until the squirrel appears satisfied, but avoid overfeeding, which can lead to digestive upset.
Transitioning to Solid Foods
Transitioning to solid foods is a gradual process that typically begins around five to six weeks of age. This is when the squirrel reaches the weaning stage. Start by offering small amounts of suitable solid foods alongside the formula. A staple of a weaning squirrel’s diet should be squirrel blocks or rodent blocks. These commercially available blocks are formulated to provide a complete and balanced diet, ensuring the squirrel receives all the necessary vitamins and minerals.
In addition to blocks, you can introduce small pieces of fruits, such as berries and apples. These provide natural sugars and essential vitamins. Vegetables, such as broccoli and peas, are also excellent sources of nutrients. Nuts can be introduced in limited quantities once the squirrel is fully weaned. Walnuts and pecans are good choices, but remember that nuts are high in fat and should only be given as occasional treats. Always provide fresh water in a shallow dish or water bottle.
Techniques for Feeding: A Step-by-Step Guide
Successful feeding requires the right tools and techniques. Gather the necessary supplies: syringes of different sizes, nipples designed for small animals, and small bowls for water and solid food.
Preparing the Formula
Proper formula preparation is crucial. Follow the instructions on the formula packaging carefully, ensuring the correct powder-to-water ratio. Mix thoroughly to avoid lumps. Warm the formula to body temperature before feeding. Never microwave the formula, as this can create hot spots that could burn the squirrel’s mouth. Test the temperature by placing a drop on your wrist; it should feel lukewarm.
The Feeding Process
During the feeding process, position the squirrel correctly. Hold it gently but firmly, supporting its body. Insert the syringe or nipple into its mouth at a slight angle, avoiding forcing the formula. Allow the squirrel to swallow at its own pace, giving it short breaks to breathe. Burp the squirrel after each feeding by gently patting its back, just as you would with a human baby. Clean the squirrel’s face and mouth with a damp cloth after feeding to prevent formula buildup.
Troubleshooting Feeding Problems
Sometimes, feeding problems arise. If the squirrel refuses to eat, try warming the formula slightly or offering a different nipple. If the squirrel aspirates formula (inhales it into its lungs), immediately stop feeding and hold it upside down to help clear its airways. Diarrhea or constipation can indicate dietary issues. Adjust the formula concentration or consult with a wildlife rehabilitator if problems persist. Don’t hesitate to seek veterinary advice if you are concerned about the squirrel’s health.
Holistic Care: Beyond Just Food
Providing adequate food for baby squirrels is only one aspect of their care. Other crucial elements are warmth, hygiene, stimulation, and appropriate housing.
Warmth and Hygiene
Maintain a safe and warm environment for the squirrel. Use a heating pad set on low or provide blankets to keep it cozy. Baby squirrels cannot regulate their body temperature effectively and are prone to hypothermia. Keep the squirrel clean by gently wiping it with a damp cloth. Avoid using harsh soaps or detergents.
Stimulation and Housing
Encourage natural behaviors by providing climbing opportunities and foraging activities. Place branches, ropes, and toys in its enclosure. Scatter small amounts of food around the enclosure to stimulate its natural foraging instincts.
Set up a suitable enclosure that provides ample space for the squirrel to move around and explore. A wire cage or plastic bin with a secure lid works well. Line the bottom with soft bedding, such as shredded paper or cloth.
Preparing for Freedom: Releasing Back to the Wild
The ultimate goal is to release the squirrel back into its natural habitat. Timing is essential: the squirrel should be old enough and independent, typically around twelve weeks of age. Before releasing it, gradually introduce it to the outdoors through a process called “hardening off.” Spend time with the squirrel outside in a secure enclosure, allowing it to acclimate to the sights, sounds, and smells of its environment.
Hardening Off and Release
A soft release involves providing food and shelter in the release area initially. Place a small feeding station and a nesting box near the release site to provide the squirrel with a sense of security and access to resources. Choose a safe release location that offers suitable habitat, such as a wooded area with plenty of trees and shrubs. Consider the presence of predators, such as cats, dogs, and birds of prey, and avoid releasing the squirrel in areas where these threats are prevalent.
Important Reminders and Cautions
Before taking on the responsibility of caring for a baby squirrel, it is essential to consider the legal and ethical implications. Check local laws regarding wildlife rehabilitation. Some jurisdictions require permits to possess and care for wild animals.
Legality and Potential Risks
Be aware of the potential risks of diseases carried by squirrels. While the risk of rabies is very low in squirrels, it is still important to take precautions, such as wearing gloves when handling the squirrel and washing your hands thoroughly afterward.
Seek Professional Advice
Remember, caring for a baby squirrel is a significant responsibility. If you are unsure about any aspect of its care, consult with a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. These professionals have the expertise and experience to provide the best possible care for orphaned or injured wildlife. They can provide valuable guidance on feeding, housing, and release strategies.
Conclusion: A Rewarding, But Demanding, Journey
Raising a baby squirrel is a challenging but ultimately rewarding experience. Providing the proper food for baby squirrels, along with diligent care and attention, can give these vulnerable creatures a second chance at life. While it requires a significant commitment, knowing that you have helped a baby squirrel grow strong and healthy and return to the wild is an incredibly fulfilling feeling. Always prioritize the squirrel’s well-being and seek professional guidance when needed. By providing the right nutrition and care, you can make a positive impact on the life of a baby squirrel and contribute to the conservation of our natural world. Remember, their survival depends on your dedication and informed actions.
