Why Choose Wooded Food Plots?
Imagine the tranquility of a forest, sunlight dappling through the canopy, and the soft rustling of leaves underfoot. Now, picture that same scene teeming with wildlife – deer browsing contentedly, turkeys strutting through the undergrowth, and squirrels scampering amongst the trees. This idyllic vision can become a reality with the strategic implementation of wooded food plots. A wooded food plot, simply put, is a cultivated area within a forested environment designed to provide a supplementary food source for wildlife. While open field food plots are common, wooded food plots offer unique advantages and can significantly enhance wildlife management and hunting opportunities. Creating and maintaining these vital habitats, however, requires careful planning, thoughtful execution, and a commitment to long-term stewardship. When done correctly, wooded food plots can be incredibly effective tools for attracting and sustaining wildlife populations, offering a haven within the forest and increasing your chances of success in the field.
Wooded food plots offer a distinct set of advantages when compared to their more open counterparts. One of the most significant is the enhanced cover and security they provide. The surrounding trees and undergrowth offer a natural shield, protecting animals from predators and harsh weather conditions. This is particularly crucial for vulnerable species like fawns and poults, which require a safe haven to thrive. Unlike a large, exposed field where wildlife are easily visible, the fragmented and sheltered nature of wooded plots encourages animals to linger and feel more secure while feeding.
Furthermore, wooded food plots can help to reduce browsing pressure. A single, large food plot can become a magnet for wildlife, leading to overgrazing and depletion of resources. By strategically scattering smaller plots throughout the woods, you can diffuse feeding pressure and prevent localized damage. This allows plants to establish and mature more effectively, ensuring a more sustainable food source over time.
The shade provided by the forest canopy is another key benefit, especially during the warmer months. Wildlife often seek cooler areas to feed and rest, and wooded food plots offer a welcome respite from the scorching sun. This can extend the usability of the plots throughout the year, providing a valuable food source even when open fields are parched and barren. Wooded plots can work synergistically with other food sources, filling the gaps between harvests or during times of scarcity and providing a well rounded diet throughout the year.
Ultimately, well-planned wooded food plots contribute to overall wildlife health by meeting their essential needs. By carefully selecting plant species, you can tailor your plots to provide the specific nutrients and energy required by your target species. Whether you’re aiming to attract deer, turkey, small game, or a combination of all, you can create a diverse food source that supports their growth, reproduction, and overall well-being.
Beyond benefiting wildlife, wooded food plots offer numerous environmental advantages. They can promote biodiversity by creating diverse habitats and supporting a wide range of plant and animal species. Furthermore, the careful management of these plots can enhance forest health by thinning overcrowded areas and encouraging the growth of beneficial plants. The root systems of the plants also help to control soil erosion, protecting the land and preventing sedimentation of nearby waterways.
Planning Your Wooded Food Plot
Careful planning is the foundation of a successful wooded food plot. The first step is selecting the right site. Sunlight availability is perhaps the most critical factor. Many desirable food plot crops require at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive. Consider south-facing slopes, which receive the most sunlight, and be prepared to thin the surrounding canopy to allow more light to penetrate. This might involve selectively removing trees or branches to create openings in the forest.
Soil type and drainage are equally important. Before you begin, conduct a soil test to determine the pH level and nutrient content. Most food plot crops prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (around 6.0 to 7.0). If your soil is too acidic, you can amend it with lime. Address any drainage issues by creating drainage ditches or planting species that are tolerant of wet conditions.
Consider the proximity to water sources such as streams, ponds, or springs. These provide essential hydration for wildlife and can make your food plot even more attractive. Finally, think about accessibility. Can you easily reach the site with your equipment, such as ATVs or tractors? Also, consider the location relative to your hunting stands or trails. You want to create a food plot that is both accessible and strategically located.
The size and shape of your wooded food plot will depend on your target species and the amount of land you have available. In general, smaller plots are more effective than larger ones, as they provide a more intimate and secure feeding environment. Consider creating irregular shapes that mimic natural openings in the forest. This will make your food plot blend in more seamlessly with the surrounding landscape and feel more natural to wildlife.
Choosing the right plants is crucial for attracting and sustaining wildlife. Consider the pros and cons of native versus non-native species. Native plants are well-adapted to the local environment and provide valuable food and habitat for native wildlife. However, non-native species can sometimes be more productive and attractive to certain animals. Prioritize native plants when possible, but don’t be afraid to incorporate non-native species if they offer specific benefits.
Also, think about the balance between annual and perennial crops. Annuals provide a quick and abundant food source, but they need to be replanted every year. Perennials, on the other hand, provide a long-lasting food source that requires less maintenance. A mix of both annuals and perennials is often the best approach, providing a consistent food supply throughout the year.
For deer, consider planting clover, brassicas, alfalfa, and chicory. Turkey will be attracted to clover, chufa, wheat, and oats. Small game species like grain sorghum, sunflowers, and millet.
Establishing Your Wooded Food Plot
Once you’ve planned your wooded food plot, it’s time to get to work. The first step is site preparation. This involves clearing vegetation, improving the soil, and preparing the seedbed.
Clearing vegetation can be done manually with a chainsaw or brush hog. You can also use herbicide application. Use a glyphosate-based herbicide to kill existing vegetation, being careful not to damage desirable plants. In some cases, burning can be an effective way to clear vegetation, but only if it is permitted and safe to do so.
Soil improvement is essential for establishing a thriving food plot. Start by liming to adjust the pH to the appropriate level. Then, fertilize based on the results of your soil test. Use a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
You can choose between tilling or no-till planting. Tilling involves plowing or disking the soil to create a loose seedbed. This can be effective, but it can also disrupt the soil structure and lead to erosion. No-till planting involves planting seeds directly into the existing vegetation. This is a more sustainable approach that preserves soil health.
Planting techniques depend on the type of seed you’re using. Broadcasting involves scattering seeds over the soil surface. This is a simple method that is suitable for small seeds. Drilling involves planting seeds into the soil at a specific depth. This is a more precise method that is suitable for larger seeds.
Follow recommended seeding rates and timing. Consider the weather conditions when planting. Avoid planting during periods of heavy rain or extreme heat.
Protecting your food plot from browsing is essential, especially in areas with high deer populations. Fencing can be effective, especially electric fences. Repellents such as commercial repellents or homemade solutions. Finally, consider planting sacrificial crops, which are less desirable species that can divert browsing pressure from your target plants.
Maintaining Your Wooded Food Plot
Maintenance is key to ensuring the long-term success of your wooded food plot. Weed control is essential, done with manual weeding, hoeing or hand-pulling. Herbicide application will target certain weeds. Mowing can control weed growth and promoting desirable growth.
Test soil regularly, and fertilize as needed. Re-seeding thin areas, and replace annual crops.
Monitor, observing activity and plant health, and adjust strategies as needed.
Advanced Techniques
Consider edge feathering for added diversity. Create brush piles for small game. Establish water management like ponds or waterholes.
Safety Considerations
Follow proper application techniques for herbicides and pesticides. Wear protective gear when using chemicals or equipment. Use equipment safely. Obtain permits for burning.
Conclusion
Wooded food plots are a very effective way to attract wildlife. Experiment, start small, and enjoy the rewards.
