Introduction
The pursuit of a thriving wildlife habitat often leads landowners and conservationists to explore various strategies, with food plots emerging as a cornerstone for attracting and sustaining deer and other cherished creatures. But amidst the array of options available, how do you pinpoint the perfect plant to truly elevate your food plot game? Many are discovering the exceptional potential of food plot chicory. This isn’t just another plant; it’s a perennial powerhouse packed with benefits for both wildlife and the soil. This article will delve into the wonders of chicory as a food plot crop, guiding you through the intricacies of planting, managing, and maximizing its allure and nutritional value to the animals you aim to support.
What is Chicory?
Chicory, scientifically known as *Cichorium intybus*, is a perennial herbaceous plant, a botanical term that simply means it’s a non-woody plant that lives for more than two years. Originally hailing from Europe, chicory has naturalized across many corners of the globe, becoming a familiar sight in meadows and fields. While there are different types of chicory, the ones designed for food plots are usually forage varieties, specifically bred for their palatability, high leaf production, and nutritional content.
Several key characteristics make food plot chicory stand out. Firstly, it possesses a deep taproot, a long, thick central root that plunges deep into the soil. This feature allows it to access water and nutrients that other plants struggle to reach, making it incredibly drought-tolerant. The leaves are rich in protein, a vital component for antler growth in deer and overall health for all wildlife, and they offer excellent digestibility, meaning animals can efficiently extract the nutrients they need. Another remarkable trait of chicory is its resilience; it can thrive in a variety of soil types, further increasing its appeal as a reliable food source. The perennial nature of food plot chicory further enhances its value, as it returns year after year, lessening the demands of yearly replanting.
Benefits of Chicory in Food Plots
The advantages of incorporating food plot chicory into your land management strategy are substantial and span multiple facets of wildlife support and land health.
The nutritional value of food plot chicory is a major draw. Its exceptionally high protein content is crucial, particularly during periods when deer are growing antlers or when wildlife is preparing for the rigors of winter. Protein, in addition to aiding in antler development, is necessary for a multitude of bodily functions and overall vitality. Beyond protein, food plot chicory is brimming with essential minerals like phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, all of which are vital for bone strength, muscle function, and overall health. The high digestibility also ensures that animals can effectively use the nutrients chicory offers.
Food plot chicory’s attractiveness to wildlife is undeniable. Deer are particularly fond of its taste, and it serves as a magnet for other species, including turkey, rabbits, and various small game. Its palatability shines especially during late summer and fall, when other forage options begin to dwindle in quality, making it a highly prized food source when others are lacking.
The perks extend beneath the surface too. Chicory’s deep taproot is a fantastic asset for soil health. It acts like a natural aerator, improving soil structure and boosting aeration. This is especially beneficial in compacted soils, where root penetration can be challenging. Furthermore, the extensive root system also helps to prevent soil erosion, keeping valuable topsoil in place.
The fact that food plot chicory is perennial is a huge time and cost saver. You won’t need to replant every year, saving on both effort and seed expenses. With proper management, it can persist for several years, providing a consistent food source for wildlife.
Finally, the exceptional drought tolerance is invaluable. The deep taproot allows it to tap into underground water reserves, enabling it to withstand dry spells that would decimate other forage crops.
Planting Food Plot Chicory: A Step-by-Step Guide
Successful food plot chicory planting hinges on careful planning and execution. These are the steps to creating your own thriving chicory plot:
Careful site selection is paramount. Choose a spot that receives ample sunlight, ideally at least six hours per day. Also, keep an eye on drainage; chicory prefers well-drained soils and will not thrive in areas prone to waterlogging.
Soil preparation is the next step. A soil test is highly recommended. It provides crucial information about your soil’s pH and nutrient levels, allowing you to amend it appropriately. Food plot chicory prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Add lime if the soil is too acidic and fertilizer to correct any nutrient deficiencies, following the recommendations from your soil test results. Finally, till or disk the soil to create a smooth and even seedbed.
Timing is important. The optimal planting windows are typically in the spring (early to mid) or late summer or early fall. Keep your specific geographic location and climate in mind when deciding.
You can choose between two main planting methods: broadcasting or drilling. Broadcasting involves scattering the seed over the prepared soil, which is best for tiny seeds. Broadcasting spreaders are helpful here to ensure even seed distribution. Drilling, on the other hand, offers more precise seed placement, using a seed drill.
Follow the recommended seeding rates per acre, which will depend on the chicory variety and planting method. Be careful not to plant too deep; food plot chicory seeds should be planted very shallowly.
Finally, lightly compact the soil after planting to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. This is crucial for proper germination.
Managing Food Plot Chicory Plots
Once your food plot chicory is established, ongoing management is necessary to keep it healthy and productive.
Fertilization is essential. Regular soil tests will reveal if any nutrient deficiencies are present. A balanced fertilizer, applied according to soil test recommendations, will keep your chicory thriving.
Weed control is crucial, particularly during the early stages of growth. Pre-emergent herbicides can prevent weeds from germinating, while post-emergent herbicides can target existing weeds without harming the food plot chicory. Mowing also helps to control weeds and stimulate new growth.
Mowing is important, as it encourages vegetative growth and prevents the chicory from becoming too stemmy. Mow to a height of approximately four to six inches.
Consider over-seeding with other beneficial forages, such as clover or brassicas, to enhance biodiversity and extend the availability of food for wildlife.
Keep an eye out for any signs of pests or diseases. While food plot chicory is generally quite resilient, it’s important to address any issues promptly.
If possible, implement rotational grazing. This involves dividing your food plot into sections and allowing animals to graze on one section while the others recover. This helps to prevent overgrazing and maintain the health of the stand.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even with careful planning, you may encounter some challenges. Here are a few common problems and their solutions:
Poor germination can be caused by poor seedbed preparation, improper planting depth, or dry conditions. Ensure a smooth, firm seedbed, plant seeds shallowly, and irrigate if necessary during dry spells.
Weed infestations can be tackled with a combination of herbicides and mowing.
Overgrazing can damage the stand and reduce its productivity. Implement rotational grazing or fence off portions of the plot to allow them to recover.
Nutrient deficiencies can be corrected by applying appropriate fertilizers, based on soil test results.
Winter kill can be a problem in particularly harsh climates. Select cold-hardy varieties and ensure adequate soil fertility to help plants withstand winter conditions.
Combining Food Plot Chicory with Other Species
Combining food plot chicory with other complementary species can create a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall benefits of your food plot.
Good companion plants include clovers (red clover, white clover, ladino clover), brassicas (rape, turnips, kale), alfalfa, and oats. These species offer different nutritional profiles and growth habits, creating a more diverse and attractive food source for wildlife.
You can create your own custom food plot mixes, or purchase pre-made mixes that include food plot chicory and other complementary species.
Chicory Varieties
Several food plot chicory varieties are popular choices for wildlife food plots. “Forage Feast” is known for its high protein content and excellent palatability. “Hunter Select” is a drought-tolerant variety well-suited for drier climates. “Winafred” is known for its cold hardiness, making it a good choice for colder regions. The specific needs of your region and wildlife needs should be considered when selecting which variety to plant.
Conclusion
Food plot chicory is an invaluable asset for any landowner seeking to improve wildlife habitat. Its nutritional value, attractiveness, soil health benefits, and longevity make it a true food plot superstar. By following the planting and management guidelines outlined in this article, you can create a thriving food plot that will attract and support wildlife for years to come. Don’t hesitate; try planting chicory and witness the positive changes it brings to your land and the wildlife it supports.
Resources
Consult your local agriculture extension office for region specific information and seed suppliers, and look for reputable seed companies specializing in wildlife food plots.
